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Peri-implant soft-tissue parameters and crestal bone levels among narghile smokers and nonsmokers |
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| Authors: | Tariq Abduljabbar Nawaf Al-Hamoudi Muath AlQunayan Abdullah AlAhmari Alwaleed AlMalki Elham Gholamiazizi |
| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;2. Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;3. Department of General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Capital College, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, PA, USA |
| Abstract: | This retrospective convenient sample case–control study investigated the peri-implant soft-tissue inflammatory parameters and crestal bone loss (CBL) among narghile smokers (NS) (Group I) and nonsmoking controls (Group II). Demographic data were collected using a questionnaire. Peri-implant plaque index (PI), bleeding-on-probing (BOP) and pocket-depth (PD) were assessed; and peri-implant CBL was measured on standardized digital bite-wing radiographs. Sample-size was estimated and statistical analysis were done using Mann–Whitney U-test. Level of significance was set at p?p?p?p?p?p? |
| Keywords: | Alveolar bone loss dental implant gingival inflammation periodontal smoking |