信号素家族在骨改建过程中的作用

信号素家族（Sema）是一类广泛存在于人体中的含有共同结构域的蛋白家族，参与全身重要生理或病理活动如器官形成、血管生成、免疫应答及肿瘤生长等。近年来大量体内外研究发现，Sema家族部分蛋白及其受体参与了骨改建的调节过程，通过直接影响成骨或破骨细胞的分化、迁移进而促进或抑制成骨；同时还在骨改建中的重要信号通路中起了重要作用，间接影响了骨代谢。此外，部分Sema家族蛋白的异常表达会引起不同程度的骨质疾病如骨质疏松、骨质硬化及骨量减少等。本文将从分子水平对Sema家族部分成员及相关受体在骨改建中的作用作一综述。

Role of semaphorins in bone remodeling

Semaphorins is a protein family that contains the same domain. They are widely distributed in the human body and are involved in important physiological and pathological activities, such as organogenesis, angiogenesis, immune responses, and oncogenesis. Recently, a large number of studies indicate that semaphorins and their receptors play important roles in bone remodeling. Moreover, they promote and inhibit osteogenesis by regulating the differentiation and migration of osteoclast and osteoblast. Semaphorins and their receptors also participate in other signaling pathways to influence bone metabolism indirectly and to dysregulate pathway expression. This dysregulation causes various bone diseases, including osteoporosis, osteopetrosis, and osteopenia. This review focuses on the role of semaphorins and their receptors in bone remodeling.