噪声和高温对粉尘作业工人健康的影响

目的探讨噪声、高温对粉尘作业工人健康的影响。方法对4 009名粉尘作业工人分为单纯接触粉尘组,同时接触粉尘和噪声组,同时接触粉尘和高温组,同时接触粉尘、噪声和高温组。对4组工人的职业健康检查结果进行比较分析。结果单纯接触粉尘、同时接触粉尘和噪声、同时接触粉尘和高温、同时接触粉尘噪声和高温的工人的血常规异常率分别是39.3%、49.1%、42.2%和47.8%,腹部B超异常率分别是12.3%、15.0%、27.2%和17.0%,高血压发生率分别是8.3%、11.9%、11.9%和11.3%,心电图异常率分别是9.2%、10.3%、7.9%和10.1%,且各指标在4组工人间的检查结果差异有统计学意义（χ2=35.85,P〈0.01;χ2=31.55,P〈0.01;χ2=13.84,P〈0.05;χ2=16.98,P〈0.05）。同时接触粉尘和噪声组工人的高血压、心电图异常的概率分别是单纯接触粉尘组的1.576倍和1.875倍;同时接触粉尘和高温组工人的高血压、心电图异常概率分别是单纯接触粉尘组的1.65倍和1.67倍;同时接触粉尘、噪声和高温组工人的高血压、心电图异常概率分别是单纯接触粉尘组的3.01倍和3.00倍。结论噪声、高温、粉尘对工人的血常规、腹部B超、高血压、心电图的影响存在联合协同作用。

Impacts of Noise and Heat on Health of Workers Exposed to Dust

Objective To discuss the impact of noise and heat on health of workers exposed to dust. Methods A total of 4 009 dust exposed workers were divided into four sub-groups： A = workers only exposed to dust; B = workers exposed to both dust and noise; C = workers exposed to dust and heat,and D = workers exposed to dust,noise and heat. Indices of occupational health examination were compared among these four sub-groups. Results The abnormal rates of blood routine in A,B,C and D were respectively 39. 3%,49. 1%,42. 2% and 47. 8%; the abnormal rates of B-mode ultrasonography of abdomen were respectively 12. 3%,15. 0%,27. 2% and 17. 0%; the abnormal rates of hypertension were respectively 8. 3%,11. 9%,11. 9% and 11. 3% and the abnormal rates of electrocardiogram were respectively9. 2%,10. 3%,7. 9% and 10. 1%. The aforementioned indices were respectively different among the four sub-groups（ χ2= 35. 85,P0. 01; χ2= 31. 55,P0. 01; χ2= 13. 84,P0. 05 and χ2= 16. 98,P0. 05,respectively）. The abnormal rates of hypertension and electrocardiogram of group B were respectively 1. 58 and 1. 88 times of group A; the abnormal rates of hypertension and electrocardiogram of group C were respectively 1. 65 and 1. 67 times of group A,and the abnormal rates of hypertension and electrocardiogram of group D were respectively 3. 01 and 3. 00 times of group A. Conclusion There are synergistic harm effects for noise,heat and dust in terms of health indices of blood routine,B-mode ultrasonography of abdomen,hypertension and electrocardiogram among the dust exposed workers.