母牛分枝杆菌菌苗改善老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者免疫功能的研究

目的 探讨母牛分枝杆菌菌苗改善老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期患者免疫功能及临床意义.方法 选择老年COPD稳定期患者100例,按随机数字表法分为母牛分枝杆菌菌苗治疗组和常规治疗组各50例,另设健康对照组50例.分别测定菌苗治疗组及常规治疗组治疗前、后和健康对照组外周血T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+)、自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)、免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgA、IgM)、细胞因子白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]水平.菌苗治疗组及常规治疗组随访1年,同时比较两组患者人均年急性加重次数和住院次数.结果 菌苗治疗组及常规治疗治疗前与健康对照组比较,CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、NK细胞水平降低差异有统计学意义(t值分别为8.09和8.09、3.39和2.99、2.03和2.20、3.23和3.48,P<0.05或P<0.01);而IL-6、IL-8、TNF-a、IgA则显著升高(t值分别为6.97和5.83、8.17和8.31、9.13和8.85、4.01和2.88,均P<0.01).菌苗治疗组经母牛分枝杆菌菌苗治疗后CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、NK细胞升高,与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为3.09、2.07、3.17,P<0.05或P<0.01);而IL-6、IL-8、TNF-a、IgA则显著降低(t值分别为4.62、5.15、7.26、3.35,均P<0.01).常规治疗组治疗前、后各项指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).随访1年中,菌苗治疗组患者人均年急性加重次数和住院次数与常规治疗组比较下降,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为10.99和5.89,均P<0.01).结论 母牛分枝杆菌菌苗能改善COPD稳定期患者的细胞免疫功能,降低其急性加重及住院次数,具有较高的临床应用价值.

Effects of Mycobacterium vaccae vaccine on immunological function in elderly patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective To investigate the effects of Mycobacterium vaccae vaccine on immunological function and clinical character in elderly patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods A total of 100 elderly patients with stable COPD were randomly divided into immunotherapy group (group A, n= 50) and non-immunotherapy group (group B, n= 50), and normal control group (group C, n = 50). The levels of peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subsets (CD3+ , CD4+, CD8+ , CD4+/CD8+ ratio), natural killer cells (NK cells), immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) and cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a) were measured respectively before and after therapy. Group A and B were followed up for 1 year, then the times of acute outbreak and hospitalization of patients in the two groups were also compared. Results The levels of CD4 + ,CD4+/CD8+ ratio and NK cells in group A, B were significantly lower before therapy (P＜0. 05～0. 01＝, and the levels of IL-6, IL -8, TNF-a and IgA were significantly higher than in group C (P＜0. 01＝. After treatment with Mycobacterium vaccae vaccine in group A, the levels of CD4+ , CD4+/CD8+ ratio and NK cells were significantly higher (P＜0. 05-0. 01＝ and IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a and IgA were significantly lower than before treatment (all P＜0. 01＝. These levels showed no significant changes in group B after treatment (P＞0. 05). After 1-year follow-up, the times of acute outbreak and hospitalization on patients were statistically lower in group A than in group B (P＜ 0. 01 ).Conclusions Mycobacterium vaccae vaccine can improve cellular immunity function and reduce the times of acute outbreak and hospitalization in patients with stable COPD, so it has a higher clinical application value.