聋人与听力正常人汉语字词加工认知途径的比较

背景有关汉字的认知识别问题,近年来国内外也有一些研究,但多以听力正常的健康人为研究对象.目的探讨聋人与听力正常人对汉字的音码、形码、义码的视觉信息加工方式.设计以聋人为研究对象、正常人为对照组的回顾性观察对比分析.单位一所大学的教育系.对象研究于2001-10/2002-04年在西安进行,聋人选自西安市第二聋哑学校6～8年级的学生,共20名,男女各半,平均年龄17岁.纳入标准听力丧失程度≥92dB者;排除标准后天致聋者.他们从一年级入学起就开始接受口语训练和学习汉语拼音,但在日常交往中,手语仍是其主要的交往工具.听力正常人选自西安市99中的初三学生,28名,男女各半,平均年龄15岁.方法采用系列视觉呈现,选择判断的方法比较聋人与听力正常人对分别强化的三类汉字的认知识别程度.主要观察指标①聋人与听力正常人对义近、形似、音同三种汉字认知识别反应的比较;②聋人与听力正常人对汉字认知加工时间的比较.结果聋人与听力正常人在字词的识别加工过程中,形码比音码的作用更强;在语义提取时,聋人采用了通过字形直取其义的字词直通加工方式,听力正常人则采用形-音转换后提取字义的加工方式.结论聋人与听力正常人在汉字识别的内部心理机制方面并没有本质的区别,聋人可能也有语音编码,字词的直通加工和形-音转换加工不是彼此独立的并行加工,而是一种相互激活的综合加工.

Cognitive processingof Chinese characters between hearing-disabled and normal people

BACKGROUND: At present, there are some researches on the cognitive identification of Chinese characters at home or abroad, however, most of them are based on the normal and healthy people.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the processing styles of optical information on phonemic code, graphic code and semantic code of Chinese haracters between hearing-disabled and normal people.DESIGN: Retrospective, observational and compared analysis based on the hearing-disabled as research subjects and the normal as the controlled group.SETTING: Department of education in a university.PARTICIPANTS: This study was completed in Xi' an between October 2001 and April 2002. With the mean age of 17 years and half in gender, 20hearing-disabled people, who were in grade 6 to grade 8, were selected from the Second School for the Deaf and Dumb in Xi' an. Inclusion criteria: The hearing loss of people was more than or equal to 92 dB. Exclusion criteria:People with acquired hearing-disabled were excluded. At the beginning of study in primary school, they were accepted oral training and taught Chinese pinyi, but gesture was the main communicated style in their daily life. With the mean age of 15 years and half in gender, 28 normal people, who were in grade 3, were selected from the No. 99 Middle School in Xi'an.METHODS: This study showed with serial opticum. The diagnostic method was compared with the cognitive identification of the three kinds of Chinese characters between the hearing-disabled and the normal respectively.phonemic code, graphic code and semantic code between hearing-disabled characters between hearing-disabled and normal people.RESULTS: The results showed that the function of graphic code in visual processing was strongly correlated with recognition of words of Chinese characters than the phoneme code and semantic code in both the hearing-disabled and hearing children. For hearing-disabled children, the alternative was the direct access that a semantic code was produced directly from a translation of the graphic code, however, the hearing children used the strategies of grapheme-phoneme conversion rules to interpret the meaning of words.CONCLUSION: The analysis of various results showe that no significant differences of mental processing are found between the hearing-disabled and hearing children. Perhaps both the direct access and the grapheme-phoneme conversion will be a comprehensive information processing activated each other.