黄褐斑病因及发病机制的研究进展

黄褐斑是一种以面部或浅或深的棕黑色斑片为特征的色素性疾病.近年来研究发现,黄褐斑的发病机制涉及多个方面,基底膜结构受损、血管功能亢进、氧化应激.蛋白基因水平方面发现,黄褐斑皮损中脂类代谢相关基因的表达下调,非编码RNA H19基因显著低表达.分子生物学研究发现,多个信号转导通路如WNT通路、一氧化氮合酶与核因子κB通路在黄褐斑发病中起关键作用.另外神经调节也涉及黄褐斑的病理生理过程.

Etiology and pathogenesis of melasma

Melasma is a pigmentary skin disorder characterized by light or dark brownish black patches on the face.Recent studies have shown that multiple factors are involved in the pathogenesis of melasma,including structural damage to basilar membrane,increased vascularity,oxidative stress,etc.Moreover,expressions of lipid metabolism-associated genes and the noncoding RNA H19 gene have been found to be down-regulated in melasma lesions.Molecular biology researches have revealed that multiple signal transduction pathways such as Wnt signaling pathway,inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and AKT/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway play critical roles in the occurrence of melasma.In addition,neuroregulation is implicated in the pathophysiology of melasma.