PTCD长期引流治疗肝移植术后缺血型胆道病变的初步探讨

目的 探讨经皮肝穿刺胆道造影引流术(percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and drainage,PTCD)长期引流治疗肝移植术后缺血型胆道病变的可行性,评价其疗效和安全性.方法 11例肝移植术后并发缺血型胆道病变的病人,男10例,女1例,平均年龄42.3岁,术前均经PTC或内窥镜逆行胆胰管造影术(endoscopic retrograde cholangopancreatography,ERCP)检查确诊.病人首先经内科治疗及内镜下引流、支架置入治疗无效,然后采用经皮肝穿刺胆道置管并长期带管引流,合并有胆泥者经双导丝抽吸技术予以清除.结果 11例缺血型胆道病变病人.肝内型7例,肝外型1例,肝内+肝外型3例.均成功置入PTCD内外引流管,技术成功率100%.术后1周内总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)分别由(206.70±54.18)μmol/L、(170.65±53.97)μmol/L降至(90.63±13.00)μmol/L、(63.83±13.61)μmol/L.随访3～71个月,平均20个月.黄疸指数较正常值稍高,并呈波动性改变,TBIL在23.70～241.0 μmol/L之间,平均(55.3±15.6)μmol/L,DBIL在8.1～162.0μmol/L之间,平均(32.53±10.21)μmol/L.9例病人移植肝功能良好,其中5例带管引流6～12个月(平均8.2个月)后拔除,4例仍带管已引流3～6个月.另2例病人黄疸症状缓解,但因移植肝合成功能障碍分别于PTCD术后3个月、8个月行再次肝移植.结论 PTCD置管长期引流是一种安全、有效的治疗肝移植术后缺血型胆道并发症的方法.

Long-term drainage following PTCD for treatment of ischemic-type biliary lesion after liver transplantation

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness, safety and clinical feasibility of long-term drainage following percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and drainage (PTCD) for the treatment of ischemic-type biliary lesion (ITBL) after liver transplantation. Methods There were 11 patients with ITBL after liver transplantation. Of the 11 patients with a mean age of 42. 3, 10 were male and 1 female. All 11 cases were diagnosed by PTC or ERC (endocopic retiogiade cholangiogiaphy) before PTCD, and they responded poorly to medication or draining and stenting with ERCP. Long-term drainage following PTCD was performed, whereas adjuvant percutaneous aspiration through double guidewire technique was used for the patients with large quantities of chole mud. Results There were three types of ITBL: type Ⅰ (extrahepatic lesions, n=7), type Ⅱ (intrahepatic lesions, n= 1), and type Ⅲ (intra- and extra-hepatic alterations, n=3). PTCD was performed in all 11 patients successfully. The values of total bilirubin (TBIL) and direct reacting bilirubin (DBIL) were 206.70±54.18μmol/L, 170. 65±53. 97μmol/L and 90. 63± 13.00μmol/L, 63. 83± 13.61μmol/L before and 1 week after PTCD, respectively. The follow-up period was from 3 through 71 months (mean 20 months). During the follow-up, TBIL values ranged between 23.70 μmol/L and 241.0 μmol/L (mean 55.3±15.6 μmol/L), and DBIL values were between 8. 1 and 162.0 μmol/L (mean 32. 53±10. 21 μmol/L). Hepatic functions were good in 9 cases including 5 cases in which the drainage tube was withdrawn after long-time drainage (6～ 12 months, mean= 8.2 months) and 4 cases in which drainage continued. The other 2 cases received liver retransplantation for the grafts dyssynthesis of albumen after drainage for 3 and 8 months. Conclusion Long-term drainage following PTCD is an effective and safe approach for ITBL following liver transplantation.