急诊重症加强治疗病房患者谵妄的病因分析及治疗策略

目的探讨急诊重症加强治疗病房（EICU）中患者出现谵妄的临床特征、病因及治疗策略。方法收集2010年1月至2012年1月在北京安贞医院EICU呼吸组住院期间出现谵妄的患者的临床资料,同期随机抽取相同例数未出现谵妄的患者作为对照组,进行总结比较分析。结果住院期间出现谵妄的患者共42例,谵妄发生率为7.5%（42/563）。所有出现谵妄的患者均合并3种以上疾病,以肺部感染、高血压、冠心病、呼吸衰竭、心力衰竭、肾功能衰竭及低钠血症多见,50%患者需要机械通气（有创/无创）。谵妄组和对照组病死率均为11.9%（5/42）。与对照组比较,谵妄组住院时间长14（11）d比12（11）d,P〉0.05],住院费用高28 389（58 999）元比19 373（21 457）元,P〈0.05]。42例谵妄患者中发现由原发基础疾病引起的谵妄占52.4%（22/42）,药物因素引起的谵妄占9.5%（4/42）,由ICU环境和其他因素引起的谵妄占38.1%（16/42）。结论针对ICU谵妄的原因,去除相关诱发因素,积极治疗原发病,加强对患者的心理疏导,进行综合治疗,缩短住院时间,减少住院费用,促进患者康复。

Clinical Features and Treatment Strategies of Patients with Delirium in Emergency Intensive Care Unit

Objective To investigate the clinical features, etiology and treatment strategies of patients with delirium in emergency intensive care unit （EICU）. Methods Patients with delirium during hospitalization between January 2010 and January 2012 were recruited from respiratory group of EICU of Beijing Anzhen Hospital. Over the same period, same amount of patients without delirium were randomly collected as control. The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed and compared. Results The incidence of delirium was 7.5% （42/563）. All delirium patients had more than three kinds of diseases including lung infections, hypertension, coronary heart disease, respiratory failure, heart failure, renal failure, hyponatremia, etc. 50% of delirium patients received mechanical ventilation （invasive/noninvasive）. The mortality of both the delirium patients and the control patients was 11.9% （5/42）. However, the patients with delirium exhibited longer hospital stay 14 （ 11 ） d vs. 12 （ 11 ） d, P 〉 0. 05 ] and higher hospitalization cost 28,389 （58,999） vs. 19,373（21,457） ,P 〈0.05] when compared with the control group. 52.4% （22/42） of delirium patients were associated with primary disease. 9. 5% （4/42） were associated with medication. 38. 1% （16/42） were associated with ICU environment and other factors. Conclusions Our data suggest that the causes of delirium in ICU are complex. Comprehensive treatment such as removal of the relevant aggravating factors, treating underlying diseases, enhancing patient communication, and providing counseling can shorten their hospital stay, reduce hospitalization costs, and promote rehabilitation.