MELD is the only predictor of short-term mortality in cirrhotic patients with C. difficile infection

Background

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the most common nosocomial infection in the US and cirrhotic patients with CDI have increased risk for poor outcome.

Aim

The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of CDI on short-term mortality in patients with cirrhosis and identify predictors of mortality in these patients.

Methods

We retrospectively identified patients at Montefiore Medical Center from 2010 to 2014 with cirrhosis, diarrhea and a C. difficile toxin assay. Demographics, co-morbidities, medications, laboratory data and outcomes were recorded.

Results

Of 701 patients with cirrhosis who had a CDI assay, 183 were CDI+ and 518 CDI?. Patients with CDI were older, had more frequent CKD on hemodialysis and heart failure, were less frequently on rifaximin and lactulose and had increased glucocorticoid exposure. 30-day mortality was higher in patients with CDI (23.0% vs 16.6%, p?<?0.05) compared to those without. Univariate predictors of 30-day mortality included WBC, corticosteroid use, AST, ALT, MELD, albumin, HBV and HCV infection; however, via multivariate analysis, only MELD (HR: 1.04?±?0.02, p?<?0.05) remained significant.

Conclusion

Patients with cirrhosis and CDI are at greater risk of 30-day mortality than those without CDI and the only multivariate predictor of mortality is MELD. These patients should have their disease severity triaged based upon MELD score.