多层螺旋CT低剂量扫描在眼眶部外伤检查中的应用

目的 探讨眼眶部外伤检查时MSCT扫描的最适低剂量.方法 选择30例眶壁骨折患者的横轴面骨折层面影像,通过图像空间添加噪声软件模拟出30、70、100、140、170、200 mA 6种低剂量影像,根据影像质量及骨折等显示情况进行评价,找出满足诊断需求的最适球管电流量后进行临床应用.同时记录容积CT剂量指数(CTDIvol)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)、有效剂量(ED).影像质量按影像层次、噪声、解剖结构及能否满足诊断要求的显示情况而采用好、较好、一般、差、很差的5级制评价.等级资料使用秩和检验进行统计分析,计数资料采用X2检验.结果 在使用常规剂量300 mA扫描条件时30例眼眶外伤患者图像中显示眶骨骨折30例、眶内气肿19例、眼肌损伤12例、眶内异物1例.在低剂最模拟图像中,不同剂量的图像质量差异有统计学意义(X2=102.009,P=0.000).当剂量降低至70 mA时上述所有临床征象仍可清晰显示和准确诊断,但图像质量评价为好1例、较好8例、一般21例,无差及很差.当模拟剂量管电流降低至100 mA时,图像质量评价为好9例、较好17例、一般4例,无差及很差;且同常规剂量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).临床实际应用100 mA管电流检查20例眼眶外伤患者,所得图像质量为好5例、较好13例、一般2例,无差及很差.CTDIvol、DLP、ED分别为20.84 mGy、125.04 mGy·cm、0.29 mSv.与常规剂量(300 mA)CTDIvol、DLP、ED分别为62.53 mGy、375.18 mGy·cm、0.86 mSv,比较管电流100 mA进行扫描时,ED下降了70%.结论 眼眶部外伤进行MSCT扫描时,管电流为100 mA所得图像即可满足临床诊断要求,又可明显降低对患者的辐射剂量.

Application of low dose multi-slice helical CT in orbital trauma patients

Objective To investigate the most appropriate low radiation dose in multi-slice CT (MSCT) scans for orbital trauma patients. Methods Thirty trauma patients with suspected orbital fractures who underwent helical CT scans with a 64-MSCT using regular dose were selected. Noise was artificially introduced to the axial images using an image space noise addition tool to simulate 6 sets of lower dose scans with tube current of 30, 70, 100, 140, 170 and 200 mA, respectively. The lowest tube current with adequate image quality for confident diagnosis was determined based on the evaluation of the overall image quality and fracture detection on images at different dose levels. The determined lowest tube current was then validated using clinical scans. Radiation dose related parameters CTDIvol, DLP, ED were also recorded.Image quality was evaluated according to its low-density resolution, noise and structure clarity and characterized into 5-grades of excellent, good, fair, worse and worst Rank sum test and X2 test were wsed for statistics. Results In 30 trauma patients with regular dose of 300 mA, there were 30 cases of orbital fracture, 19 cases of intraorbital emphysema, 12 cases of ocular muscle injury and 1 case of intraorbital foreign body. These changes could still be clearly observed and correctly diagnosed when the tube current was reduced to as low as 70 mA. However, the overall image quality was mostly fair. At the simulated dose of 100 mA, the majority of images were characterized as excellent or good, and there was no statistical difference compared with that of regular dose scans (P > 0.05 ) . In the clinical evaluation for 20 orbital trauma patients with the reduced tube current of 100 mA, the majority of images were judged to be excellent (9 cases) or good(17 cases) and fair (4 cases). The radiation dose(0. 29 mSv) was reduced by 70% compared with that of regular tube current of 300 mA(0. 86 mSv). Conclusion The tube current of MSCT may be used as low as 100 mA in orbital trauma patients to reduce radiation dose and keep the image quality diagnosable.