Detection of Agonistic Activities Against Five Human Nuclear Receptors in River Environments of Japan Using a Yeast Two-Hybrid Assay |
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Authors: | Daisuke Inoue Koki Nakama Hisae Matsui Kazunari Sei and Michihiko Ike |
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Institution: | (1) Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan |
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Abstract: | A total of 16 water samples from four rivers in Japan were examined for their agonistic activities against five human nuclear
receptors (estrogen receptor ER] α, thyroid hormone receptor α, retinoic acid receptor RAR] α, retinoid X receptor α, and
vitamin D receptor) by using a yeast two-hybrid assay. The results suggest that the river environment is contaminated with
endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that can interact with a variety of nuclear receptors and that contamination with those
that have RAR agonistic activity may be more serious than contamination with well-known EDCs that act as ER agonists. |
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Keywords: | Agonistic activity Nuclear receptor Retinoic acid receptor River water environment |
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