特应性皮炎167例皮肤点刺试验结果分析

目的通过皮肤点刺试验(skin prick test,SPT)结果的分析,了解特应性皮炎(atopic dermatitis,AD)患者在不同年龄组、不同人群及伴有不同变应性疾病的变应原分布及种类。方法将167例患儿分为≤2岁组和>2岁组,采用德国默克集团Allergopharma公司的皮肤点刺液,选择标准化变应原:鸡蛋白、蛋黄、虾等,在前臂屈侧做点刺试验。结果167例患者中,SPT阳性65例,阴性102例,阳性率38.9%。2岁以下和2岁以上变应原种类明显不同,即2岁以下以食物过敏为主,如鸡蛋白、蛋黄、牛奶等。2岁以上逐渐过渡为以吸入物过敏为主,如艾蒿、粉尘螨、藜草等。合并哮喘的AD病人SPT阳性率较高。结论AD从婴幼儿以食物过敏为主,逐渐演变为儿童期及青春期以吸入性过敏为主。SPT易于操作,灵敏度高,对于儿童AD患者较为适用。

Analysis On Result of Skin Prick Test for 167 Cases of Atopic Dermatitis

Objective To investigate the distribution and categories of allergens in the patients with AD in the aspect of different age groups, different groups of people and situations auompanied by various allergic diseases, by analyzing the result of SPT. Methods A total of 167 patient who were divided into two groups: no old than 2 years and older than 2 years , were enrolled in this study. Test was done in flexor aspect of forearm, using reagent made in Allergopharma Company of Germany and choosing standardized allergens: egg white、egg yolk、shrimp and so on. Results The positive rate of SPT was 38.9% (65/167). There were obviously different categories of allergens in two groups, i.e. the patients under two years old were mainly allergic to food, such as egg white, egg yolk, milk and so on, while among the other group, allergen gradually transited to inhalation allergy primarily, such as mugwort, dust mites, blites and so on. STP positive rate was higher in AD patients with asthma. Conclusion Categories of allergens were different in patients of atopic dermatitis with different ages. Most common allergens were foods in babyhood and became inhalational allergen in childhood and puberty gradually. SPT is suitable for children with atopic dermatitis and has the advantages of easy operation and high sensitivity.