人工全膝关节置换术后感染的治疗

目的：探讨人工全膝关节置换术后感染的治疗方法及效果。方法：6例TKA术后感染患者。感染发生时间为TKA术后1个月－11年,2例为早期感染,4例迟发性感染,平均4年2月。其中骨关节炎4例,类风湿性关节炎2例。单纯清创、抗感染治疗3例;清创、一期假体再置术1例;清创、二期假体再置换术1例;关节融合术1例。结果：在3例单纯清创、抗感染治疗中,1例经5次清创后痊愈,1例2次清创后感染未控制,改行关节融合术,1例3次清创,感染未愈;2例关节再置换术病例痊愈,功能恢复满意;2例关节融合术后痊愈。所有病例平均随访4年,除1例失去随访外,其余感染均未复发。结论：对全膝关节置换术后感染可行的治疗包括：单纯清创、抗感染治疗;清创、一期或二期假体再置换术;关节融合术等方法。每种方法都有其适应证,应根据患者的具体病情采用合适的治疗方法。

Treatment of infected total knee arthroplasty

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the treatment of infected total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS: Between 1983 and 2000, 6 patients with infection after TKAs were treated, including 2 men and 4 women, aged on average 63 years (44 - 75 years). Initial knee arthroplasty was performed for osteoarthritis in 4 patients and for rheumatoid arthritis in 2 knees. The timing of diagnosis of infection after knee arthroplasty averaged 50 months (range, 1 month-11 years). Simple debridement and antibiotic treatment were prescribed for 3 patients, debridement and one-stage reimplantation for 1, debridement and two-stage reimplantation for 1, and athrodesis for 1. RESULTS: Of the 3 patients with simple debridement, one was cured, one failed but underwent athrodesis later, and one lost to follow up. Two patients with reimplantation were cured and had good function recovery. All of the 6 patients were followed up on average for 4 years. No infection recurred except one who lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Management of infection after total knee arthroplasty includes antibiotic suppression and debridement with prosthesis retention, insertion of another prosthesis as a one-stage or two-stage exchange technique, knee arthrodesis and amputation. These treatments have specific indications. To treat infection after total knee arthroplasty, suitable method should be taken according to patient's condition. Arthrodesis is the best salvage operation, though it may handicap patients' daily life. Reimplantation of another prosthesis could maintain a functional joint.