不同剂型活性炭对有机磷杀虫剂的吸附性能比较体外实验

目的通过比较三种剂型活性炭对两种常见有机磷杀虫剂（敌敌畏和甲胺磷）在不同条件下的吸附作用,为临床使用活性炭治疗经口有机磷农药中毒寻找实验室依据。方法量取50%甲胺磷原油或68%敌敌畏原油后稀释100倍制备低浓度药剂或稀释10倍制备高浓度药剂,用0.1mmol/L盐酸溶液调节所配制溶液的pH值。分别取10ml具塞试管12支,分为粉状活性炭组、活性炭混悬液组、片剂活性炭组、空白对照组4组,每组试管3支。向粉状活性炭组试管中加入粉状活性炭0.3g,再分别向其他各组试管中加入活性炭含量相同的不同剂型活性炭。然后再向所有试管中加入配制好的低/高浓度敌敌畏或甲胺磷溶液5ml,震荡摇匀2min,放入37℃恒温水浴中孵育。分别在1h（低、高浓度组）、4h（低浓度组）时间点从每支试管中取0.5ml上清液,用气相色谱法检测其甲胺磷含量。结果不同剂型活性炭对低浓度敌敌畏和甲胺磷的吸附能力结果表明,无论是中性环境还是酸性环境下,在1及4h时间点对2种杀虫剂均有很好的吸附能力（P〈0.01）,且三种类型的活性炭间吸附能力无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。活性炭对于高浓度的敌敌畏（6.8%）均有很好的吸附能力（P〈0.01）,而且粉状炭的吸附能力最优（P〈0.01）。但对于高浓度的甲胺磷（5%）三类活性炭均不能有效的吸附（P〉0.05）。结论在模拟的胃肠道环境下,活性炭能有效的吸附低浓度的敌敌畏和甲胺磷;对于高浓度的敌敌畏,三类活性炭也显示出良好的吸附能力,以粉状炭的吸附能力最优;但对于高浓度的甲胺磷三类活性炭均不能有效的吸附。

Comparison of the adsorbability of different types of activated charcoals for organophosphorus insecticides in vitro

Objective To investigate the adsorbability of different types of activated charcoals for organophosphorus insecticides including dichlorvos and methamidophos in vitro at various pH and concentrations.Methods The solutions containing two kinds of concentration of dichlorvos （0.68% and 6.8%） or methamidophos （5% and 0.5%） and activated charcoals were incubated at 37℃ for four hours （low concentration） or for one hour（low/high concentration）.The reversed phase high performance vapor phase chromatography was used for the detemination of free dichlorvos and methamidophos in vitro. Results The content of the low concentration of organophosphoras insectidides was far lower than that in control group（P0.01）,and there was no significant difference among the three dosage forms（P0.05）,which indicating a strong binding of the low concentration of dichlorvos and methamidophos;the content of the high concentration of dichlorvos was far lower than that in control group （P0.01）,and the powdery activated charcoals was much better （P0.01）. The content of the high concentration of methamidophos had no significant difference among the four groups（P0.05）,which indicating a weak bingding for activated charcoals.Conclusion The three types of charcoals are effective for the adsorption to low/high concentration of dichlorvos and low concentration of methamidophos.The activated charcoals have adsorptive properties suitable for medical treatment in cases of organophosphate poisoning.