制订中小学生课业簿册安全卫生标准的必要性分析

目的了解现阶段中小学生课业簿册存在的问题,从视力保护、缓解用眼疲劳以及促进青少年健康成长的角度分析制订中小学生课业簿册安全卫生标准的必要性。方法采用定性和定量研究相结合的方法,调查上海市12所普通中小学校的二～四年级和七年级共3 500名学生、3 400名家长和166名教师,召开由多部门专家参与的专题座谈会,了解现行学生课业簿册存在的问题、相关的标准以及新标准中亟待规范的内容等。结果学生、教师和家长一致认为课业簿册存在的质量问题主要是经不起橡皮擦拭(44.0%,71.7%,66.3%)和纸张过薄(34.6%,56.6%,41.3%)。90%以上的教师,70%左右的学生和家长报告写字经常或偶尔超出作业本的格线范围。当前广大中小学生使用的课业簿册普遍纸张克重偏低、颜色过白、行间距过小,还有潜在的安全隐患。目前中国还没有专门针对学生课业簿册的视觉卫生和有毒物或损伤防制等方面的卫生要求。结论开展中小学生课业簿册安全卫生标准的研制,提出符合中国国情的课业簿册安全卫生与质量要求,对于加强学生视力保护、缓解用眼疲劳、促进青少年健康成长以及节约经济成本等方面具有积极意义。

Necessity for formulating the health specification for elementary and secondary school exercise books

Objective To analyze necessity of setting up health specification for elementary and secondary school exercise books by considering children and adolescents’ healthy development.Methods A total of 3 500 students,3 400 students’ parents and 166 teachers of grade 2,3,4 and 7 in 12 elementary and secondary schools of Shanghai were surveyed by self-administered questionnaire.And focus group discussions were performed with participants of various professionals to obtain information about quality problems of current school exercise books and needs of the specifications.Results The teachers,the students and the parents thought the problems of the exercise books were "could not withstand rubber cleaning"(44.0%,71.7%,66.3%) and the "paper was too thin"(34.6%,56.6%,41.3%).Over 90% of the teachers and about 70% of the students and parents reported the students could write out of the line.It was found that relatively lower paper grammage,brilliant white paper,narrow writing rulings and potential security risks were the problems.But up to now there were no specifications to make these requirements in China.Conclusion Formulating a national health specification for school exercise book is critically needed to reduce risk factors damaging children’s growth and development.