Adulticidal and repellent properties of indigenous plant extracts against <Emphasis Type="Italic">Culex quinquefasciatus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aedes aegypti</Emphasis> (Diptera: Culicidae) |
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Authors: | Marimuthu Govindarajan Rajamohan Sivakumar |
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Institution: | (1) Division of Vector Biology and Phytochemistry, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India |
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Abstract: | Several diseases are associated to the mosquito–human interaction. Mosquitoes are the carriers of severe and well-known illnesses
such as malaria, arboviral encephalitis, dengue fever, chikunguniya fever, West Nile virus, and yellow fever. These diseases
produce significant morbidity and mortality in humans and livestock around the world. The adulticidal and repellent activities
of crude hexane, ethyl acetate, benzene, chloroform, and methanol extracts of leaf of Eclipta alba and Andrographis paniculata were assayed for their toxicity against two important vector mosquitoes, viz., Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). The adult mortality was observed after 24 h of exposure. All extracts showed moderate adulticide effects;
however, the highest adult mortality was found in methanol extract of A. paniculata against the adults of C. quinquefasciatus and A. aegypti with the LC50 and LC90 values were 149.81, 172.37 ppm and 288.12, 321.01 ppm, respectively. The results of the repellent activity of hexane, ethyl
acetate, benzene, chloroform, and methanol extract of E. alba and A. paniculata plants at three different concentrations of 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/cm2 were applied on skin of forearm in man and exposed against adult female mosquitoes. In this observation, these two plant
crude extracts gave protection against mosquito bites without any allergic reaction to the test person, and also, the repellent
activity is dependent on the strength of the plant extracts. These results suggest that the leaf solvent plant extracts have
the potential to be used as an ideal ecofriendly approach for the control of mosquitoes. This is the first report on the mosquito
adulticidal and repellent activities of the reported E. alba and A. paniculata plants. |
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