166例住院药疹患者临床特征分析

目的了解皮肤病专科医院住院药疹患者致敏药物、临床表现、治疗及转归,以期为临床合理安全用药提供参考.方法回顾性分析2008年7月~2011年7月间我院住院部收治确诊为药疹的患者166例,分析其临床及相关情况.结果明确致敏药物者108例,主要致敏药物为β-内酰胺类抗生素(43例)、中药注射剂(15例)、非甾体类抗炎药(7例)和抗痛风类(7例).临床类型主要为荨麻疹型(74例)、麻疹型(28例)、多形红斑型(19例).重症药疹(30例)的主要致敏药物为卡马西平(5例)和别嘌呤醇(7例).136例非重症药疹中,有血象异常者113例,肝肾功能异常者(18例).30例重症药疹中,血象异常者26例,肝肾功能异常者12例.结论抗菌药物是药疹主要致敏药物;抗痛风药与抗癫痫药是重症药疹主要致敏药物.住院重症药疹患者年龄较大、潜伏期长,易并发肝肾损害及感染.

Clinical Analysis of 166 Inpatients with Drug Eruption

Objective To study the causative agents clinical types,therapy and prognosis of drug eruption.Methods 166 cases of drug eruption admitted to our inpatients department since July 2008 to July 2010 were retrospectively analysed.The clinical records were studied.Results Totally 108 cases had definite allergic drugs and the major species were β-lactams(43 cases),traditional Chinese Medicine injections(15 cases),non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs(7 cases) and antipodagrics(7cases).The most common clinical types were urticaria-like type(43 cases),measles type(28 cases) and erythema polymorphe(19 cases).Among 30 severe cases,the predominant allergic species were carbamazepine(5 cases) and allopurinol(7 cases).There were 113 cases with hematological abnormality,18 cases with liver or kidney dysfunction.While among the 30 severe patients,there were 26 cases with hematological abnormality and 12 cases with liver or kidney dysfunction.Conclusion Drug ertuption is most frequently induced by antibacterial agents while severe type is usually caused by antipodagric or antiepileptic drugs.The severe hospitalized patients usually were old people,easily be accompanied with hepatic or renal damage,whom should be paid more attention to.