快速过敏皮试仪结果观察时间的探讨

目的探讨快速过敏皮试仪试验结果的最优观察时间,降低护理用药风险。方法 2007年8月至2011年7月,使用快速过敏皮试仪做药物过敏试验23 258例次,延长观察时间至30～60 min,分阶段或持续观察,并做详细记录,统计每5 min检出的阳性结果例数。结果共检出阳性患者186例(青霉素110例,头孢菌素类76例),186例中5 min内检出151例(青霉素88例,头孢菌素类63例),占81.18%;5.1～20 min内检出35例(青霉素类22例,头孢菌素类13例),占18.82%;20 min后无阳性结果检出。结论使用快速过敏皮试仪做药物过敏试验,结果在试验结束后20 min内持续观察,可防止少数阳性者漏检,减少假阴性率,降低护理用药风险,有效保障护理安全。

Study on the result observation time of fast allergy skin test instrument

Objective To discuss the best observation time of fast allergy skin test instrument,and to reduce nursing durg - induced risks. Methods The fast skin test instrument was used to do drug allergy test in 23 258 cases during Aug. 2007 to Jul. 2011. The observation time was prolonged to 30 - 60 minutes, and the results were observed and recorded continuously or by stages. The positive cases were counted every 5 minutes. Results A total of 156 positive cases （ penicillin 110 cases and cephalosporin 76 cases） were detected, among which 151 cases （81.18% ） were detected in 5 minutes （penicillin 88 cases and cepbalosporin 63 cases）, and 35 cases （ 18.82% ） were detected in 5.1 - 20 minutes （ penicillin 22 cases and cephalosporin 13 cases）. No positive cases were detected after 20 minutes. Conclusion When using fast allergy skin test instrument to do drug allergy test, observing the result within 20 minutes constantly can decrease missing positive detection and false negative rate,reduce nursing drug - induced risk,and ensure nursing safety effectively.