注射晕厥的发生与体位的关系探讨

目的探讨注射和抽血患者晕厥的发生与患者体位的关系,提高患者的注射安全。方法对门诊和急诊肌内注射、静脉注射和静脉抽血患者分为坐位组、半坐位组和平卧位组,分别为坐在靠背木椅上、斜躺在软沙发上、仰卧或侧卧在床位上接受注射或抽血,对每一例注射晕厥患者记录其性别、年龄、使用药物、体位、主要症状体征和血压情况、处理情况和恢复情况。结果坐位组肌内注射、静脉注射和静脉抽血患者注射晕厥的发生率均明显高于半坐卧位组和平卧位组,发生晕厥后2min内血压明显低于半坐卧位组和平卧位组,有显著性差异(P<0.01),晕厥时发生短暂意识丧失率明显高于半坐卧位组和平卧位组,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论采取半坐卧位和平卧位注射或抽血可有效地减少患者注射晕厥的发生率和减轻昏厥症状,值得临床推广应用。

The correlation between injection syncope and patients' position

Objective To explore the correlation between injection syncope and pa tients' position to enhance injection safety of patients. Methods Patients fro m outpatient and emergency department, who would take intramuscular injection, i ntravenous injection and phlebotomization were randomly divided into three group s:sitting group, half-lying group and lying group, respectively sitting on bench , half lying in sofa and lying in the bed when they took their injection and phl ebotomization. As for each patient with syncope, it was recorded his/her gender, age, medicine, position, symptoms and signs, blood pressure, treatment and reco very. Results The occurrence rate of syncope of sitting group is significantly higher than that of half-lying group and lying group. In 2 minutes after syncope , blood pressure of sitting group was lower than that of half-lying group and ly ing group. There were significant differences (P<0.01). The rate of short-time u nconsciousness of sitting group was higher than that of the other two groups. Th e differences had obvious statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion When p atients taking injection and phlebotomization, taking half-lying position and ly ing position can reduce the syncope rate effectively and patients' symptoms and signs, which should be spread in clinic.