某镍矿采,选,炼生产的劳动卫生学调查

报告了某镍矿劳动卫生问题现场调查和环境监测的结果。该矿主要职业危害因素是生产性粉尘、镍及其他化学物所致空气污染、噪声以及高气温与热辐射。粉尘中游离二氧化硅含量４．５０％～２５．９５％。采矿车间和冶炼车间干燥工段粉尘浓度较高，大部分样品浓度超过１０ｍｇ／ｍ３。总的看来，空气镍浓度与粉尘浓度大致平行。空气镍水平的次序为冶炼车间＞选矿车间＞采矿车间；在冶炼车间有１８个样品浓度超过１ｍｇ／ｍ３。在汽修车间和矿内居民区大气中镍平均浓度也分别达到了０．００４６ｍｇ／ｍ３和０．００５６ｍｇ／ｍ３。空气中检出了钴和铬，但浓度低。仅在冶炼车间检出了二氧化硫，其浓度波动剧烈。在３４个作业点测量了噪声，采矿车间和选矿车间噪声平均声级达到１００ｄＢ（Ａ）和９１ｄＢ（Ａ）。就改善劳动卫生条件提出了几项措施建议。

AFIELD SURVEY ON OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PROBLEMSIN A NICKEL MINE

The results of a field survey on occupational health problems in a nickel mine, including the environmental monitoring of workplaces were presented. It was found that the main occupational hazards in nickel mine are air pollution (industrial dusts, nickel and other chemical agents), noise and heat stress. Free silica content in the drst ranged from 4.50% to 25.95% . Dust concentrations were rather high in mining shop and drying process of smelting shop, most samples collected there were >10mg/m3. In general the concentration of nickel in the air was parallel to the dust concentration approximately. The order of nickel level in the air was smelting shop>ore dressing shop>mining shop, and in the smelting shop 18 samples exceeded 1 mg/m3. Even in the air of auto-repair shop (as a control) and in the atmosphere of residential area around the nickel smelting the nickel concentrations were up to 0.0046 mg/m3 and 0.0056mg/m3 in average respectively. The cobalt and chromium were detected but their eve in air were very low. Sulfur dioxide could be detected only in the air of smelting shop,its concentration fluctuated remarkably. Noise level was measured at34 workplaces. It was in mining shop and ore-dressing shop that noise level was up to 100 and 91 dB(A) in average. Recommendation for improving occupational health conditions was presented.