Stress reinstates nicotine seeking but not sucrose solution seeking in rats |
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Authors: | Y. Buczek A. D. Lê A. Wang J. Stewart Y. Shaham |
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Affiliation: | (1) Behavioral Neuroscience Department, IRP/NIDA/NIH, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA e-mail: Yshaham@intra.nida.nih.gov, Fax: +1-410-550-1612, TP;(2) Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, CA;(3) Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, CA |
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Abstract: | Rationale: Intermittent footshock stress effectively reinstates extinguished heroin-, cocaine- and alcohol-taking behaviors, but not behaviors previously maintained by food reinforcers. Here we tested further the generality of the phenomenon of stress-induced reinstatement by determining the effect of footshock on reinstatement of operant responding previously maintained by nicotine or palatable sucrose solutions. Methods: Groups of rats were trained to self-administer either nicotine (0.03 mg/kg per infusion, 14 days) or sucrose (10 or 30% w/v, 14–20 days). After extinction of the nicotine- or the sucrose-reinforced behaviors for 5–15 days, the rats were exposed to intermittent footshock stress (5 and 15 min, 0.8 mA) during tests for reinstatement. Results: Footshock reliably reinstated nicotine seeking after extinction of the drug-reinforced behavior. In contrast, the same parameters of footshock stress did not consistently reinstate operant responding previously maintained by sucrose solutions. Conclusions: These and previous data suggest that stressors may be more effective stimuli for reinstatement of behaviors previously maintained by drug reinforcers as compared with non-drug reinforcers. Received: 15 October 1998 / Final version: 10 December 1998 |
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Keywords: | Drug self-administration Extinction Nicotine Reinstatement Relapse Stress Sucrose |
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