广东省中山市城区6～12岁学龄儿童鼻眼气道皮肤过敏症状的问卷调查分析

目的了解广东省中山市城区6～12岁学龄儿童过敏性疾病相关症状的发生情况和特点，为制定过敏性疾病预防措施提供参考。方法以现场问卷调查的方式，随机抽取中山市城区4所小学6～12岁学龄儿童进行问卷调查，问卷主要内容包括一般情况、家族史、鼻过敏症状、眼过敏症状、气道过敏症状和荨麻疹或其他皮肤过敏症状等6部分。问卷结果提示有过敏性疾病相关症状且自愿参加检测的儿童行皮肤点刺试验（SPT）。结果4478名儿童参与问卷调查，回收有效问卷4085份，有效率为91．2％。结果显示，25．2％（1030／4085名）儿童的父亲或母亲曾患过敏性疾病，父母患有过敏性疾病其子女过敏性疾病相关症状的发生率也显著增高。24．0％（980／4085名）儿童出现过鼻过敏症状，男602名，女378名。51．9％（2120／4085名）儿童出现过眼过敏症状，以春季为主（77．8％，1650／2120名）。3．4％（140／4085名）儿童曾患有哮喘，其中17名（12．1％）在过去1年内有哮喘发作。17．7％（722／4085名）儿童曾出现过荨麻疹或其他皮肤过敏症状。220名儿童自愿进行了SPT，其中196名结果阳性（89．1％），主要过敏原依次为：屋尘螨185名（94．4％）、粉尘螨181名（92．3％）、热带螨120名（61．2％）、艾蒿45名（23．0％）、狗毛27名（13．8％）及猫毛26名（13．3％）。结论中山市城区学龄儿童过敏性疾病相关症状发生率较高，螨虫是本地区儿童最主要的过敏原。

Questionnaire survey on the anaphylaxis of nose,eyes, airway and skin in urban school children aged from 6 to 12 years in Zhongshan,Guangdong Province

Objective Epidemiological research on the anaphylactic disease showed its prevalence rate was very different among regions. Therefore epidemiological survey on the anaphylactic disease would contribute to making appropriate preventive measures for allergic disease in various regions. But except the asthma, rare epidemiological data of the anaphylaxis of 6 -12 years old school children have been reported in China until now. So we investigated the allergic symptoms of nose, eyes,airway and skin of 6 - 12 years old children from the urban areas of Zhongshan to find out the epidemic characteristics of anaphylaxis of the local school children. Methods 4 478 children aged 6-12 years from 4 elementary schools in the urban areas of Zhongshan were surveyed by symptom on-the-spot questionnaire about general things, family medical history, allergic symptoms of noses, eyes, lungs and skins, urticaria and prurigo. And further, skin-prick test（SPT） was implemented in 220 cases with positive findings in the questionnaire. Results 4 085 efficient questionnaires were taken back with 91.2% of efficiency rate. The data showed at least one member was involved in anaphylactic disease in 25.2% families. The higher prevalence was found in the children whose parents suffered from allergic disease. There was significant difference in the incidence of allergic symptoms of nose between girls and boys, 19.5% and 28.1% , respectively （ t = 31. 536, P 〈 O. 000 1 ）. 66.9% children with allergic symptoms of nose were troubled in their everyday life to some extent. 51.9% children suffered from allergic symptoms of eyes, mainly emerging in spring with the rate of 77.8%. 140 cases （3.4%） were affected with asthma, 17 of them had an asthma fit last year. In addition, 722 cases had suffered from the skin allergy such as the urticaria, prurigo, and so on. SFF was carried out in 220 children with allergic symptoms to identify the allergen and 196 cases were positive. In succession, common allergens were dermatophagoides pteronyssinus（94.3% ）, dermatophagoides farinae（92.3% ） , torrid zone mite（61.2% ）, mugwort（23.0% ）, dog hair（ 13.8% ） and eat hair（ 13.3% ）. Conclusions There existed high prevalence of allergic disease in the school children in the urban areas of Zhongshan. Dust mites were the most common allergene in this region.