关节镜辅助治疗难复性小儿发育性髋关节脱位的临床研究

目的探讨关节镜辅助治疗难复性小儿发育性髋关节脱位（DDH）的适应证、手术方法及临床效果。方法2005年5月至2006年12月，共完成17例（23髋）关节镜下髋臼清理、盂唇成型、镜下复位术，其中男2例，女15例，年龄4—48个月（平均19．1个月），右侧14髋，左侧9髋，其中单髋11例，双髋6例。均为麻醉前、后闭合手法复位失败患者。采用髋关节前侧和大粗隆前方入路相结合，镜视下切除拉长、磨损的圆韧带、清理髋臼底部纤维脂肪组织、切除髋臼横韧带，除第1例采用盂唇内缘放射状切开外，其余均采用盂唇外2／3切开，关节镜监视下手法复位，必要时切断内收肌肌腱，髋屈曲外展稳定位置石膏外固定。结果全部23髋在关节镜下复位成功，随访12—31个月（平均25个月），除1例术前即有股骨头坏死外，全组患者无股骨头无菌性坏死发生。按全国先天性髋脱位疗效评定标准，优14髋，良1髋，可2髋，差6髋。分别测量成功组与失败组术前的前倾角、髋臼角、CE角及Zionts分级，进行统计学分析比较，两组术前前倾角、髋臼角的差异具有统计学意义，CE角及Zionts分级差异无统计学意义。结论在掌握好适应证的前提下，关节镜下髋臼清理、盂唇成型是辅助治疗小儿DDH的有效方法，与传统开放手术相比具有创伤小、恢复快的优点。前倾角小于40°、髋臼角小于35°是关节镜手术的适应证。术前的CE角及Zionts分级，对选择关节镜手术的适应证意义不大。盂唇外2／3的切开方式，有利于保持盂唇内缘的完整性，防治术后再脱位的发生。

Clinical study of arthroscopically-assisted treatment for developmental dysplysia of hip in children who unresponed to close reduction

Objective To explore the indication,operative technique and clinic effect of arthroscopy in the treatment of children developmental dysplysia of the hip(DDH)who had failed to be reduced by manipulative close reduction.Methods 17 cases(24 hips)of DDH were treated with debridement of the acetabulum and acetabular labrum plasty under the arthroscope.2 cases were male,15 were female,and the age varied from 4 to 48 months(average 19.1 months).14 right and 9 left hips were involved.11 cases were single hip disloc...