绦虫种的分类鉴定方法研究进展

绦虫（cestode）物种数目较多，大约有1500多种，对人及动物危害严重的是绦虫的幼虫，可引起绦虫蚴病，其中猪囊虫病和包虫病是流行严重的人兽共患寄生虫病。本文将对绦虫种的鉴定方法研究进展、应用和发展方向做一简要综述。目前鉴定一个绦虫物种主要依据其形态学、生活史等传统分类学方法并结合分子分类学方法来进行。传统形态学方法不能对那些形态学上相似、但在遗传学方面却不同的绦虫加以鉴定。线粒体和核基因序列在物种鉴定方面的应用已经成为绦虫分类学的研究热点，构成绦虫的核酸条形码，为绦虫隐藏种的发现和新物种的界定，以及为绦虫病的准确诊断、分子流行病学调查、预防措施的制定等提供了重要依据。

Research progress on methods for the classification and identification of cestodes

The number of cestode species is huge with more than 1 500. Serious damage to human and animals （eg. cat- tle and sheep） is caused by larval cestodiasis （infections with larvae of cestodes）, of which cysticercosis and hydatid disease are severe parasitic zoonoses that lead to substantial socioeconomic losses across China and worldwide. The review focuses on cur- rent progress, applications and perspectives in methods for the identification of cestodes. The present methods for identifying an unknown cestode species are mainly based on the conventional morphology, life cycle and combined molecular taxonomy. However, traditional morphological method is at a disadvantage when it is used to characterize cestode species with similar mor- phological characters but significant difference in genetics. Mitochondrial genes （mtDNAs） and nuclear genes have become re- search hotspot in the systematic taxonomy of cestodes, which will provide important basis in discovering cryptic species and characterizing one new species and lay the foundation for diagnosis, molecular epidemiology and precautionary measures of adult and larval infections of cestodes.