经肛门内镜微创手术的临床应用现状及前景展望

随着人们对健康关注度的提高及术前影像学（如超声内镜、CT、MRI 等）的广泛应用，越来越多的直肠肿瘤患者特别是 Tis期、T1期、直肠良性腺瘤患者被发现。由于外科手术器械及手术技巧的重大进步，经肛门内镜微创手术（TEM）逐渐成为治疗 Tis 期、T1期、直肠良性腺瘤的首选手术方式，国内外部分医院已开展这项手术。而新辅助放化疗联合 TEM 能否用于 T2期直肠癌的治疗是目前人们关注的焦点。本文综述近30年来 TEM 的临床应用并展望其治疗直肠恶性肿瘤的前景。

Clinical application and prospect of transanal endoscopic microsurgery for treatment of rectal tumor

Along with the improvement of the attention to our health and the wide use in the preoperative imaging（such as endorectal ultrasonography、CT、MRI）,more and more patients with rectal tumor,especially Tis、T1 and rectal benign adenomas are found. The treatment is developing toward the direction of the minimally invasive because of the significant progress of surgical instruments and surgical skills. Transanal endoscopi microsurgery（TEM）are becoming the preferred treatment. Part of the hospital at home and abroad has carried out the operation. However,whether neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined TEM can treat T2 is the focus of the our debate. This article reviews the clinical application of TEM and looks forward to its prospect for the treatment of rectal cancer.