低出生体重儿和早产儿乳牙釉质发育缺陷及其易感因素的临床分析研究

目的：研究低出生体重儿和早产儿乳牙釉质发育缺陷的患病率及乳牙釉质发育缺陷的易感因素。方法：选择１７６名３～８岁的低出生体重儿和早产儿作为实验组，对照组为７９名同龄的足月正常出生体重儿，比较２组乳牙釉质发育缺陷的患病状况，并用逐步回归的分析方法分析乳牙釉质发育缺陷的易感因素。结果：实验组不同类型釉质发育缺陷的患病率显著高于对照组，乳牙釉质发育缺陷的易感因素从强到弱依次为胎龄、出生后使用喉镜和气管插管、多胎、出生体重、新生儿窒息、低钙血症、产程延长。结论：低出生体重儿和早产儿好发乳牙釉质发育缺陷，出生时及出生后各种全身及局部因素均不同程度影响造釉细胞的正常生理功能，且这些因素还有协同作用

Studies on developmental enamel defects and their risk factors in the primary dentition of children with histories of low birth weight and premature birth

Objective: To study the prevalence of enamel defects in the primary dentition of children with histories of low birth weight and premature birth. The risk factors of the enamel defects are also studied. Methods: The prevalence of primary enamel defects of one hundred and seventy six children (aged 3 8) with histories of low birth weight and premature birth (experimental group ) was studied and compared with a same aged group of 79 full term normal birth weight children (control group ). The method of stepwise regression analysis was used to analyse the important risk factors of primary enamel defects. Results: The prevalence of enamel defects in primary dentition of the experimental group was 77.3%, in which enamel opacity, enamel hypoplasia and combination lesions were 38.1%, 15.3%, 23.9%, respectively. This prevalence rate was significantly higher than 29.1% of the control group, in which enamel opacity, enamel hypoplasia and combination lesions were 12.7%, 11.4% , 5.1%, respectively. The important risk factors of enamel defects were in the following sequences: premature birth, damages by using laryngoscopy and orotracheal tube, multifetation, low birth weight, asphyxia of the newborn, hypocalcemia and prolonged labor. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of enamel defects in the primary dentition of children with histories of low birth weight and premature birth. Various important risk factors influence corresponding ameloblasts in varying degrees.