基于达标理论的教育项目对急性心肌梗死患者康复效果的影响

目的 探讨基于达标理论的教育项目对急性心肌梗死患者治疗依从性、焦虑、抑郁及再住院率的影响。方法 采用随机数字表法将某三级甲等医院心内科的98例急性心肌梗死患者分为对照组和干预组,各49例。对照组接受心内科常规护理,干预组在对照组基础上实施基于达标理论的教育项目。在入院时、出院时、出院3及6个月后评估患者的治疗依从性、焦虑、抑郁及再住院率。结果 出院后3个月及6个月,干预组的服药依从性、复查依从性得分均显著高于对照组;出院后3个月,干预组戒烟及合理运动的患者人数均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);出院后6个月,干预组戒烟、戒酒、科学饮食、合理运动的患者人数均显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组焦虑、抑郁得分在时间、组间及交互效应上比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。出院后3及6个月后,干预组的再住院率均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 基于达标理论的教育项目可以提高急性心肌梗死患者的治疗依从性,改善负性情绪,降低再住院率。

Effects of education program based on the goal attainment theory on the rehabilitation of patients with acute myocardial infarction

Objective To explore the effect of the education program based on the goal attainment theory on the compliance, anxiety, depression and readmission rate among patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods Ninety-eight patients with acute myocardial infarction from the cardiology department were randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group, each of 49. Both groups received routine care, while the invention group was additionally provided with education program based on goal attainment theory. The compliance, anxiety, depression and readmission rate were compared between the two groups before the intervention, as well as right after, 3 and 6 months after the discharge. Results Three and six months after the discharge, the scores of medication compliance,the proportion of patients with good follow-up compliance, as well as the rate of non-smoking and reasonable exercise of the intervention group were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Six months after discharge, the proportion of abstainers and those following a scientific diet of the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Moreover, the scores of anxiety and depression of the intervention group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05). The readmission rate of the intervention group was lower than the control group at 3 and 6 months after discharge (P<0.05). Conclusion Education program based on the goal attainment theory can enhance the compliance of patients with acute myocardial infarction, relieve their anxiety and depression as well as lower the readmission rate.