围手术期膈肌超声评估术后肌松残余的可行性

目的 通过膈肌超声观察膈肌的变化情况评,估术后肌松残余的可行性。方法 随机纳入2019年8至10月拟行非胸腹部手术的全麻插管患者75例,美国麻醉医师协会分级:Ⅰ~Ⅱ,年龄:18~65岁,性别不限。分别于术前和拔管后即刻用超声检查评估膈肌运动情况,采用高频探头(4~15 MHz)于右侧腋前线第8、9肋间观察并记录平静呼吸和深呼吸(DB)在吸气末及呼气末的膈肌厚度,计算膈肌厚度变化率(DTF)。再采用低频探头(1~5 MHz)于右侧肋骨缘肝区分别测量平静呼吸和深呼吸时膈肌移动度(DE)的变化。围手术期进行肌松监测并记录拔管时四个成串刺激比值和 镇静评分。在恢复室记录改良Aldrete 恢复评分及术后呼吸系统并发症发生率等。结果 术后肌松残余发生率为54.7%。肌松残余组拔管时DTF-DB 31.3(21.1,45.0)比38.5(26.6,53.9),P=0.045]和DE-DB(2.9±1.4比4.1±1.0,P<0.001)显著低于无肌松残余组,相关分析显示DTF-DB(r=0.351,P=0.002)和DE-DB(r=0.580,P<0.001)均与拔管时四个成串刺激比值显著相关。结论 围手术期应用超声评估膈肌运动度和膈肌厚度变化率对于判断肌松恢复情况具有一定的临床参考价值。

Feasibility of Perioperative Diaphragmatic Ultrasound in Assessment of Residual Neuromuscular Blockade

Objective To evaluate the relationship between diaphragmatic ultrasound and postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade(PRNB). Methods The patients undergoing non-thoracic and abdominal surgery under general anesthesia from August to October in 2019 were randomly enrolled from Peking Union Medical College Hospital.Diaphragmatic ultrasound was acquired pre-operation and post extubation.A 4-15 MHz probe was used to measure diaphragmatic thickness at the intersection point of 8-9 intercostal space with right anterior axillary line at the end of inspiration and expiration during quiet breathing and deep breathing(DB),and the diaphragmatic thickness fraction(DTF)was calculated.A 1-5 MHz probe was used to measure diaphragmatic excursion(DE)at the intersection point of right costal margin with midaxillary line during quiet breathing and DB.Train of four ratio(TOFr)was recorded for neuromuscular monitoring.TOFr,observer assessment of alertness and sedation score at extubation,Aldrete score at postanesthesia care unit,and postoperative pulmonary complication were recorded. Results The PRNB rate was 54.7%.The DTF-DB 31.3(21.1,45.0)vs.38.5(26.6,53.9),P=0.045] and DE-DB(2.9±1.4 vs.4.1±1.0,P<0.001)in PRNB group was lower than those in the group without PRNB.DTF-DB(r=0.351,P=0.002)and DE-DB(r=0.580,P<0.001)were correlated with TOFr. Conclusion Perioperative diaphragmatic ultrasound may be helpful for the diagnosis of PRNB.