客观结构化临床考试在住院医师规范化培训结业考试中的应用

回顾性总结客观结构化临床考试(OSCE)在北京市放射科住院医师规范化培训结业考核中的具体实施及完善过程。本文总结了结业考核的OSCE考站规划设计及考试流程,以及近年通过增加读片基本功考站、改进沟通技能考站OSCE考核模式、细化评分指标、进行多方位的考试后反馈等方式不断完善和优化,以建立公正、全面、有效、准确的考评模式,从而为其他学科或地区的相关住院医师规范化培训工作提供参考和引领作用,促进放射专业高素质应用型医师队伍培养质量进一步提高。

Recent Advances on the Differences between Left- and Right-sided Colorectal Cancer

Right-sided colon cancer and left-sided colorectal cancer have significant differences in epidemiology,clinical features,tumor differentiation,response to treatment,prognosis,and molecular characteristics.The former has lower prevalence than the latter and is mainly associated with female and elderly patients,with poor tumor differentiation,strong invasion,poor prognosis,and weak response to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors.Thus,it is generally believed that the primary location of colorectal cancer is closely associated with prognosis,acting as an independent prognostic factor for therapeutic efficacy.Recent studies have revealed the genetic differences between right-sided colon cancer and left-sided colorectal cancer,providing explanations for the biological differences.This review summarizes the recent advances on the differences between left-and right-sided colorectal cancer.