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Respiratory syncytial virus suppression of the antiviral immune response: Implications for evaluation of candidate vaccines
Institution:1. Laboratory of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan;2. Laboratory of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan;3. Laboratory of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan;4. Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Nippon Veterinary and Life University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan;1. Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany;2. Rheinisch-Westfälisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Essen, Germany;3. Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany;4. Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany;5. Department of Hematology, Oncology, Infectious Diseases and Palliative Care, Alb-Fils-Kliniken, Göppingen, Germany;6. Reference Centre for Meningococci and Haemophilus Influenzae, Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany;1. The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, United Kingdom;2. Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA;3. Centro Universitário das Faculdades Metropolitana Unidas, Veterinária, Real Parque, Morumbi, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;4. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA;1. Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana;2. Botswana National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana;3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA;4. The Children''s Hospital of Philadelphia, USA;5. Botswana-UPenn Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana;6. Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana;7. WHO Regional Rotavirus Reference Laboratory, Diarrhoeal Pathogens Research Unit, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, South Africa;8. WHO IST East and Southern Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe;9. McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada;10. African Rotavirus Surveillance Network, Immunization, Vaccines and Development Cluster, WHO African Regional Office, Brazzaville, Congo;11. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada;1. Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA;2. BlueWillow Biologics, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;3. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Abstract:Respiratory syncytial virus infections recur throughout life despite induction of immunity by the first natural infection. Results of an extensive series of studies indicate that the virus adversely affects the human antiviral recall response to challenge, although subsequent infections are less severe than the initial illness. The observations suggest that candidate vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus should not be expected to prevent clinical illness upon subsequent exposure. Candidate vaccines may be considered effective if they render a subsequent natural infection less severe. This is what would be expected from an initial and commonly more severe natural infection and sensitization.
Keywords:Respiratory syncytial virus  Anamnestic immune response  Vaccine evaluation  Influenza virus  Peripheral blood mononuclear cells  Lymphocytes
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