阴道环给药系统在医药领域中的应用研究进展

阴道环（intravaginal ring，IVR）给药系统是一种柔软的、环形的、具有弹性的药物输送装置，可向阴道提供长期、持续、控制的物质释放，实现局部给药或全身给药。其已经用于类固醇避孕和雌激素替代疗法，近几年发现将其应用于预防人类免疫缺陷病毒（human immunodeficiency virus，HIV）的杀微生物剂的递送具有很好的疗效，多种杀微生物剂的阴道环目前正在进行临床研究中。自从1970年有关阴道环的专利申请之后，很多的阴道环产品已经上市，例如Estring^®、Nuvaring^®、Progering^®、Annovera^®等，另外还有很多阴道环正在临床研究中。在2002年上市的Nuvaring^®阴道环出现之前制备阴道环的载体材料只局限于硅橡胶（silicone，也叫硅酮），然而由聚乙烯醋酸乙烯酯（ethylene vinyl acetate，EVA）制备的Nuvaring^®阴道环的出现给人们以启示，热塑性材料应用于阴道环的制备也表现出巨大的潜力，如今热塑性弹性体聚氨酯（polyurethane，PU）也已经用于阴道环的制备。

Advances of research in the application of intravaginal ring drug delivery system in the field of medicine

Intravaginal ring(IVR)drug delivery system is a flexible,torus-shaped and elastomeric drug delivery device providing long-term,sustained or controlled release of substances to vagina for either local or systemic effect.It has been applied for steroid contraception and estrogen replacement therapy(ERT).Recently it has been shown to excel in delivering microbicides for preventing human immunodeficiency virus(HIV).And a large variety of microbicide vaginal rings are currently undergoing clinical trials.Since a debut of intravaginal ring in 1970,many intravaginal ring products have been listed,such as Estring^®、Nuvaring^®、Progering^® and Annovera^®,etc.Prior to the approval of Nuvaring^® intravaginal ring in 2002,carrier material for preparing intravaginal ring was limited to silicone.In recent years,rings made of ethylene vinyl acetate(EVA)and elastomer polyurethane(PU)have come into beings.