核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体3炎症小体与阿尔茨海默病

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种慢性神经退行性疾病,发病原因至今未明。聚集在大脑内部的β淀粉样蛋白斑块是AD的主要病理特征之一,然而靶向细胞外β淀粉样蛋白斑块的药物均未能治愈疾病。固有免疫应答与神经炎症在AD的发病及进展中发挥重要作用。小胶质细胞作为中枢神经系统中的巨噬细胞,参与细胞外β淀粉样蛋白沉积、细胞内tau蛋白形成神经原纤维缠结和神经元损伤过程。越来越多的研究显示,小胶质细胞中核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体3(NLRP3)炎症小体的激活与AD的发生和发展相关,提示该信号通路可能是治疗AD的新靶点。本文总结了NLRP3炎症小体激活与调节在AD中的作用机制及以该通路为靶标治疗AD的研究现状,以期为未来该领域的研究提供参考。

Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain-like Receptor Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 Inflammasome in Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a chronic neurodegenerative disease whose cause remains unclear.The β-amyloid plaques in the brain are one of the major pathological features of AD.However,the drugs targeting extracellular β-amyloid plaques have failed to cure the disease.Innate immunity and neuroinflammation play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of AD.As the macrophages existing in the central nervous system,microglia are related with extracellular β-amyloid deposition,intracellular neurofibrillary tangle formation,and neuron injury.Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3)inflammasome in microglia plays a role in AD,suggesting new therapeutic target for AD in this signaling pathway.This article reviewed the studies about the activation and regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis and progression of AD as well as the development of AD therapies targeting this pathway,aiming to provide reference for further studies in this field.