深圳市急性心肌梗死的流行病学调查

目的调查深圳市急性心肌梗死的流行病学特点。方法选取2010年1月～2012年12月深圳市9684例心肌梗死患者为研究对象,分析其发病季节、时间分布、发病诱因、梗死部位等因素,并将其发病率与年龄、性别、基础疾病情况及生活习惯进行相关性分析研究。结果冬季与春季患者比例明显高于其他季节,7∶00～12∶59发病患者比例明显高于其他时间段,发病诱因中以过度劳累为主,而梗死部位以前壁梗死为主,其发病率均高于其他诱因及梗死部位,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。多因素Logistic分析显示,年龄≥65岁、男性、伴发基础疾病（冠心病、高脂血症、高血压、糖尿病）及不良生活习惯（吸烟指数〉100、饮酒指数〉150、无锻炼习惯及高盐高脂饮食）均与心肌梗死密切相关,其均为急性心肌梗死的独立危险因素（P〈0.05）。结论深圳市急性心肌梗死患者的发病季节、时间分布及诱因、梗死部位均有其特点,且相关因素较多,应给予这些方面以充分的重视及干预。

Investigation on the epidemiology of patients with acute myocardial infarction in Shenzhen City

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of patients with acute myocardial infarction in Shenzhen City. Methods 9684 patients with acute myocardial infarction in Shenzhen City from January 2010 to December 2012 were selected as research objects. The factors of season of onset, time of onset, predisposing factors, area of infarction were analyzed, then the correlation between morbidity and ages, gender, basic diseases situation, living habits were analyzed. Results The proportion of patients with acute myocardial infarction in winter and spring were obviously higher than those in other seasons, which at 7：00 to 12：59 were higher than those at other times; overwork was the main factor of predisposing factors, and its proportion of patients was higher than that of other disposing factors; the anterior wall infarction was the main area of infarction, and its proportion of patients was higher than that of other infarction locations; there were all significant differences （all P 〈 0.05）. Multi-factor Logistic analysis showed that patients aged over 65, male, combined with basic diseases （coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus）, bad living habits （smoking index〉100, drinking index〉150, no exercise habit, high salt and high fat diet） were closely related to myocardial infarction, they were all the independent risk factors of acute myocardial in- farction （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion The season and time of onset, predisposing factors and infarction area of patients with acute myocardial infarction in Shenzhen City all have their characteristics, and it has more related factors, so enough attention and intervention should be paid to these factors.