《伤寒论》表证的相关理论及其临床意义

根据《伤寒论》中表证的相关理论,提出以下观点：①表证的定义为寒邪侵袭肌表,束缚卫气所导致的临床证候;②恶寒是表证的特征性表现,没有恶寒就不是表证;③表证的性质属寒、属表;④根据《伤寒论》第6条“太阳病,发热而渴,不恶寒者为温病”的论述,结合温病学家叶天士《温热论》和吴鞠通《温病条辨》的相关论述,可以认定温病初期不是表证,而是邪热犯肺的肺热证;⑤治疗表证不必辨寒热,只须根据有汗、无汗辨中风和伤寒;⑥现行的其他表证其实是其他证候和表证的兼挟,其治疗可以根据《伤寒论》中表里同病时表里先后缓急的原则进行处理。

Related Theory and Clinical Significance of Superficial Syndrome in Treatise on Febrile Diseases

Objectives: According to the related theory of superficial syndrome in Treatise on Febrile Diseases,the following viewpoints were raised: a) The superficial syndrome was defined as the clinical manifestations resulted from cold pathogen affecting skin and restraining the defensive qi.b) Aversion to cold was characteristic manifestation of superficial syndrome. c) Superficial syndrome pertained to cold and exterior.d) The early period of epidemic febrile diseases did not belong to superficial syndrome,but pulmonary heat syndrome of pathological heat attacking the lung.e) Superficial syndrome should only be treated by differentiating stroke and febrile diseases according to perspiration and adiaphoresis.f) The other superficial syndromes are actually the combination of other current manifestations and superficial syndrome,which could be treated according to the principle of treating syndrome of interior and exterior affecting simultaneously in Treatise on Febrile Diseases.