Age estimation by an analysis of spheno-occipital synchondrosis using cone-beam computed tomography |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey;2. Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Program, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, TX, USA;1. Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan;2. Scientific Crime Laboratory, Kanagawa Prefectural Police, Yokohama, Japan;1. Research Institute for Medical Genetics, Nab. Ushayky 10, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;2. Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia;3. Republican Scientific Centre for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Almaty, Kazakhstan;1. Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;2. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;3. Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Saujana Putra, Malaysia;1. Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;2. Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Saujana Putra, Malaysia;3. Department of Paediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;4. Department of Dental Research Management Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;1. Division of Oral Radiology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Limeira Avenue, 901, PO Box 52, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil;2. Superior School of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz” Technical Section of Information Technology, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, 11, PO Box 19, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil;1. University of Western Australia, School of Anatomy Physiology and Human Biology, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;2. University of Oslo, Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, P.O. Box 1109, Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway;3. Radiology Unit, Dental Faculty University of Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;4. Faculty of Dentistry, University of Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
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| Abstract: | The spheno-occipital synchondrosis has a relatively late ossification in comparison with other cranial base synchondroses, which makes it a point of interest for forensic age determination studies. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the reliability of spheno-occipital synchondrosis development in age determination in a Turkish population and to evaluate the reproducibility and reliability of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in an evaluation of the fusion stages of spheno-occipital synchondrosis. CBCT mid-sagittal images of 238 (90 males and 148 females) patients between the ages of 7 and 25, with a mean age of 15.45 ± 0.26 and 16.43 ± 0.37, respectively, were examined by three Oral and Maxillofacial Radiologists who evaluated the degree of synchondrosis fusion using a four-stage system. A reevaluation of 50 cases was conducted for intraobserver assessment. Multiple statistical analyses were used to assess the correlation between age and the fusion stage, to compare gender and age according to stages, and to evaluate the inter- and intraobserver agreement. The mean ages for complete fusion (Stage 3) were 18 and 20 for females and males, respectively. The interobserver agreement ranged between substantial and perfect, while the intraobserver agreement was substantial for all three observers. Based on these results, CBCT, when available, might be the method of choice for age estimation using the spheno-occipital synchondrosis fusion stages. Evaluating spheno-occipital synchondrosis has a value for age estimation around the age of 18 years, which affects the legal decisions in Turkey. |
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| Keywords: | Forensic age estimation Spheno-occipital synchondrosis Cone-beam computed tomography |
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