2005～2009年医院感染嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌的分布及耐药分析

目的]观察2005～2009年间嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌在医院感染中的流行特征及耐药趋势。方法]对2005～2009年间111株院内嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌感染的分布及药敏结果进行回顾性分析。结果]嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌在医院感染有逐年增加的趋势;111株嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌标本来源以呼吸道分泌物最多,占58.56%。16种抗生素中,环丙沙星耐药率有逐年增加趋势,复方新诺明有逐年降低趋势。10种β内酰胺类抗菌药物中除头孢哌酮/舒巴坦的耐药率低于35%,替卡西林/克拉维酸低于51%外,其余8种抗菌药物的耐药率均严重;对氨基糖苷类抗生素中的庆大霉素、阿米卡星也呈高度耐药,耐药率均大于85%;所有抗菌药物中米诺环素的耐药率最低,低于8%,其次为左氧氟沙星与复方新诺明,均低于26%。结论]嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌院内感染率呈逐年上升的趋势,其耐药性广泛,感染后可选择的抗菌药物十分有限,临床应加强监测,应尽早进行病原学检查,避免嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌医院内感染的暴发流行。

ANALYSIS ON DISTRIBUTION AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA IN NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION FROM 2005 TO 2009

Objective]To investigate the infection characteristics and drug-resistance tendency of strains isolated from nosocomial infection patients with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from 2005 to 2009.Methods]A total of 111 patients with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection were studied retrospectively from 2005 to 2009 to research the strains distribution and drug resistance profiles.Results]Nosocomial infection of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was increasing year after year.111 strains of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were mainly isolated from sputum(58.56%)specimen.The resistance rate of the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to ciprofloxacin was increasing year after year,while that to compound sulfamethoxazole tended to decrease.Results]The susceptibility test showed that the resistance rate of the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to all the 10 β-lactams were high except Cefoperazone/Sulbactam(lower than 35%)and Ticarcillin/Clavulanic acid(lower than 51%).And the resistance rate to Gentamicin and Amikacin were both higher than 85%.The resistance rate of Minocycline was the lowest(lower than 8%)among all the antibiotics,followed by Levofloxacin and Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim,both lower than 26%.Conclusion]It is indicated that the infection rate of the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is increasing year after year.And the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is highly resistant to the common antibiotics,so there are few antibiotics for the clinicians to choose.The pathogenic inspect is recommended as early as possible to avoid the outbreak of the nosocomial infection.