老年气管支气管结核临床和纤支镜特征分析

目的：观察60岁以上老年人气管、支气管结核的临床、X线及纤支镜特征。方法：回顾性总结分析了经病理证实的23例老年气管、支气管结核临床、X线及纤支镜下改变的特征。结果：（1）老年支气管结核发病率占同期支气管结核的30．3％。（2）临床上以咳嗽，尤其是刺激性干咳为主要症状（69．6％）。（3）胸部X线示肺内浸润性片状阴影占第一位（30．4％），部分病例表现为叶段肺不张、阻塞性肺炎和肺内团块阴影。（4）纤支镜下近半数病例两个以上支气管受累，炎性浸润型和肉芽增殖型分别为53．2％和43．5％。结论：老年支气管结核并非少见病，临床上以刺激性干咳为主要症状，其X线及纤支镜特征酷似肺癌，纤支镜下活检对诊断有重要价值。

Clinical and Fiberoptic Bronchoscopic Features of Bronchial Tuberculosis inElderly Patients

Objective: To study the features of bronchial tuberculosis in elderly patients. Methods: The clinical features, chest X - ray and the characteristics of fiberoptic bronchoscopy were retrospectively analysed in 23 elderly patients diagnosed as tuberculosis by pathology. Results: (1)30.3% of 76 paitents with bronchial tuberculosis were elderly patients. (2)Cough was a chief symptom(69.6%) .especially barking cough. (3)The most common features of chest X - ray were infiltration(30.4% ), lobal atelectasis and obstriuctive pneumonia. (4)Two or more bronchi were involved in almost half of the patients. Inflammatory infiltration and granulation hyperplasia were 53.2% and 43. 5% in 23 elderly patients. Conclusion: Elderly paitients with bronchial tuberculosis are not rare with cough as a chief symptom. Bronchoscopic and pathologic diagnosis possess higher sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis.