Olfactory function and neurocognitive outcomes in old age: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study |
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Authors: | Priya Palta Honglei Chen Jennifer A. Deal A. Richey Sharrett Alden Gross David Knopman Michael Griswold Gerardo Heiss Thomas H. Mosley |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA;2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA;3. Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA;4. Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA;5. Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA |
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Abstract: | IntroductionWe tested the hypothesis that poor sense of smell is associated with lower cognitive function and higher mild cognitive impairment (MCI) prevalence.MethodsOlfaction, measured by the Sniffin' Sticks test, was categorized as olfactory impairment (OI) (score ≤6) or no OI (score >6). MCI was adjudicated based on review of a neuropsychological examination. Linear regression estimated the mean difference in cognitive factor scores, and log-binomial regression quantified MCI prevalence among participants with versus without OI.ResultsParticipants with OI had lower mean factor scores (memory: ?0.27 standard deviation [SD], 95% confidence interval [CI]: ?0.35 to ?0.19; language: ?0.24 SD, 95% CI: ?0.30 to ?0.17; executive function/processing speed: ?0.09 SD, 95% CI: ?0.12 to ?0.06; and general cognitive performance: ?0.25 SD, 95% CI: ?0.30 to ?0.20). OI was also associated with MCI (n = 204; prevalence ratio = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.37, 1.78).DiscussionAn impaired sense of smell may serve as a readily accessible early marker of neurodegeneration and improve upon the prevailing delayed diagnoses and underascertainment of MCI/dementia. |
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Keywords: | Olfaction Cognitive function Odor identification Mild cognitive impairment Community-based study |
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