462例灭鼠药急性中毒病例流行病学特点及临床疗效分析

目的 总结分析462例灭鼠药急性中毒病例的流行病学特点及临床疗效.方法 以我院2004年1月～2010年12月收治的灭鼠药急性中毒患者462例为研究对象,按年龄、性别、职业、中毒意图及治愈率、好转率、病死率、误诊率等因素进行流行病学分析.结果 发生在农村的占62.1%,自服为主;误服率有增加趋势,2010年达15.1%;20～30岁患者占37.2%,30～40岁患者占29.2%;职业上以农民居多,占40.3%;药物种类中,抗凝血灭鼠药由10.0%增加到79.5%;住院天数呈降低趋势,治愈率显著增加,病死率、后遗症发生率显著降低,但误诊率由5.0%升高到9.6%,呈上升趋势.结论 近年灭鼠药中毒以抗凝血灭鼠药为主,治愈率显著增加,病死率降低,但误诊率上升,值得重视.

Epidemiological characteristics and clinical curative effects of 462 cases of acute poisoning by rodenticide

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and clinical curative effects of 462 cases of acute poisoning by rodenticide.Methods According to the age,sex,occupation,intention of poisoning,cure rate,improvement rate,case fatality rate and misdiagnosis rate,462 patients with acute poisoning by rodenticide,who were hospitalized in our hospital from January 2004 to December 2010,were selected as the subjects and received the epidemiological analysis.Results Cases occurred in rural areas accounted for 62.1%,and most were suicide.The percentage of wrongly oral intake tended to increase,which reached to 15.1% in 2010.Patients aged 20-30 years old accounted for 37.2%,and patients aged 30-40 years old accounted for 29.2%.In the aspect of occupation,farmers accounted for 40.3%.In the category of medicine,the percentage of anticoagulant rodenticides increased from 10.0% to 79.5%.Length of hospital stay decreased,the cure rate increased significantly and the case fatality rate and the incidence of complications significantly reduced.However,misdiagnosis rate increased from 5.0% to 9.6%.Conclusion In recent years,the poisoning by rodenticide was mainly caused by anticoagulant rodenticides.The cure rate significantly increases,and the case fatality rate decreases.But the increasing of misdiagnosis rate should be paid more attention.