2010年医院感染现患率调查与分析

目的 了解医院感染基本情况,发现问题改进管理措施.方法 利用横断面调查方法,分为床旁组和病历监测组,填写统一表格,对调查日处于感染状态病例进行统计分析.结果 应查559例,实查558例,医院感染14例,感染率为2.5％,高发科室主要为重症医学科,感染率为57.1％,老年一病区为18.8％,骨三病区为10.0％;感染部位主要是下呼吸道占57.1％,腹腔内组织占21.4％,皮肤软组织占14.3％,泌尿道占7.1％；检出病原菌8株,分别是表皮葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌各1株,铜绿假单胞菌、其他革兰阴性杆菌、白色假丝酵母菌各2株,使用抗菌药物305例,使用率54.7％,治疗用药176例,占57.7％,预防用药102例,占33.4％,治疗+预防用药27例,占8.9％.结论 通过调查,加强对重症医学科、血液病区、老年病区以及年龄大、慢性疾病患者的手术、侵入性操作等的管理,严格操作规范,合理使用抗菌药物,提高细菌学送检率,从而达到规范、科学、有效的医疗行为.

Investigation and analysis of nosocomial infection prevalence in 2010

OBJECTIVE To understand the basic situation of nosocomial infections,to identify problems and improve the administrative measures.METHODS Using cross-sectional survey method,patients were divided into bedside group and case file investigation group.We filled in the case investigation form and analyzed the infection status of patients on the day of investigation.RESULTS It was planned to investigate 559 cases and totally 558 cases were checked.There were 14 cases of nosocomial infections with the prevalence rate of 2.5%.The divisions which had higher infection rate were ICU(intensive care unit)(57.1%),geriatric area 1(18.8%) and orthopaedics area 3(10.0%).The top four infection sites were lower respiratory tract infections(57.1%),intra-abdominal infection(21.4%),skin and soft tissue infections(14.3%) and urinary tract infections(7.1%),respectively.8 strains of pathogens were isolated,which were 1 strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis,1 strain of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus,2 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,2 strains of other gram-negative bacilli and 2 strains of Candida albicans.305 cases used antibacterial drugs and the antibiotic use rate was 54.7%.176 cases received antibiotics for treatment,accounting for 57.7% and 102 cases for prevention,accounting for 33.4%.27 cases received antibiotics for both treatment and prevention,accounting for 8.9%.CONCLUSION The hospital prevalence survey will enhance the administration on ICU,hematology department,geriatric area,the operation of elder patients with chronic disease and invasive operation.We must follow operation standard,reasonably use antibiotics and improve the detection of bacteria,so as to meet normative,scientific and effective medical procedures.