实时三维超声心动图评价高血压肥厚型心肌病患者左心室节段收缩功能

目的采用实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)评价高血压肥厚型心肌病(HHC)患者左心室节段收缩功能.方法 选择HHC患者30例,健康人32名.在心尖四腔观,应用全容积显像方式采集RT-3DE图像,显示左心室17节段的容积-时间曲线,获得左心室收缩功能参数:左心室舒张末期容积(EDV)、收缩末期容积(ESV)和左心室射血分数(LVEF),左心室17节段收缩容积变化比值即ESV/EDV,左心室16节段心率校正后达到收缩末期最小容积时间的标准差(Tmsv16-SD)和时间的差值(Tmsv16-Dif).结果 HHC组较正常对照组整体EDV及ESV明显增大,且差异有统计学意义[(88±29)ml vs (72±15) ml,t=-2.680,P=0.008;(28±10)ml vs (22±6)ml,t=-2.613,P=0.01],而LVEF的差异无统计学意义[(67±7)% vs (68±5)%,t=-0.261,P=0.795].HHC组较正常对照组室间隔中段及心尖段收缩容积变化比值明显增大,且差异有统计学意义[前室间隔中段:(40.51±20.28)% vs (26.43±10.10)%,t=-3.378,P=0.002;后室间隔中段:(41.44±23.55)% vs (24.46±8.12)%,t=-3.688,P=0.001;室间隔心尖段:(30.96±21.31)% vs (19.53±7.33)%,t=-2.745,P=0.01].HHC组与正常对照组比较,左心室Tmsv16-SD及Tmsv16-Dif明显增加,且差异有统计学意义[Tmsv16-SD:(2.48±1.38)% vs (1.16±0.26)%,t=-5.117,P＜0.001;Tmsv16-Dif:(7.67±5.07)% vs (3.95±1.48)%,t=-3.865,P＜0.001].HHC组和正常对照组左心室收缩不同步发生率分别为43%及3%.结论 HHC患者左心室整体收缩功能降低之前可能已存在室壁节段收缩功能受损,左心室收缩同步性异常发生率较高,RT-3DE是评价HHC患者左心室心肌收缩功能有价值的方法.

Assessment of segmental left ventricular systolic function with real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography in patients with hypertensive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Objective To evaluate left ventricular function in patients with hypertensive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HHC)using real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography(RT-3DE).Methods Thirty patients with HHC and 32 control subjects were studied.Full-volume RT-3DE data from apical window were acquired,and regional volumetric time curves of 17 segments were obtained by fast 3-dimensional border detection software.Several left ventricular function parameters were calculated semiautomatically,including global left ventricular end-diastolic volume(EDV),end-systolic volume(ESV),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),the ratio of ESV/EDV of 17 segments,the standard deviation(SD)and difference(Dif)(adjusted by the R-R interval) of time to minimum systolic volume(Tmsv)in 16 segments(Tmsv16-SD and Tmsv16-Dif).Results EDV and ESV were significantly larger in patients with HHC than that in control subjects[(88±29)ml vs(72±15) ml,t=-2.680,P=0.008;(28±10)ml vs(22±6)ml,t=-2.613,P=0.01].HHC had a higher ratio of ESV/EDV at interventricular septum(IVS)compared with control group[mid-segments of anterior IVS:(40.51±20.28)% vs(26.43±10.10)%,t=-3.378,P=0.002;mid-segments of posterior IVS:(41.44±23.55)% vs(24.46±8.12)%,t=-3.688,P=0.001;apical segments of IVS:(30.96±21.31)% vs(19.53±7.33)%,t=-2.745,P=0.01].In patients with HHC, Tmsv16-SD and Tmsv16-Dif were significantly longer[(2.48±1.38)% vs(1.16±0.26)%,t=-5.117,P<0.001;(7.67±5.07)% vs(3.95±1.48)%,t=-3.865,P<0.001].And the prevalence of left ventricular dyssynchrony was higher than that in control subjects(43% vs 3%).Conclusions HHC patients may have regional left ventricular systolic dysfunction before global changes,and have a higher prevalence of left ventricular dyssynchrony.RT-3DE is a useful imaging modality for assessing left ventricular systolic function.