宝鸡市手足口病流行特征及不同类型地理环境的发病分析

目的掌握宝鸡市手足口病的流行病学特征，探讨不同类型地理环境条件下人群发病水平，为预防控制手足口病提供科学依据。方法利用国家疾病监测信息报告管理系统的2009-2011年手足口病监测数据，描述手足口病流行特征，运用X^2检验分析数据。结果具有季节性发病特征，发病高峰在5～7月，流行毒株以EV71和CoxAl6交替出现，CoxAl6流行时发病高峰月份偏早，峰值较高；城市发病率明显高于农村，秦岭南麓山区发病率显著高于其他地区；发病年龄主要在5岁以下，男性高于女性，散居儿童占65．73％；重症病例中84．31％为EV71感染，1-2岁儿童占70．59％。结论秦岭南北手足口病流行强度存在差异，流行毒株和流行时间也有不同，秦岭对冬夏季风的屏障作用引起的气候差异，是导致秦岭南北流行特征不同的主要因素。EV71和CoxAl6的间隔交替流行是造成手足口病流行强度难以减弱的原因之一。

Analysis of the epidemic features and incidences of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in different geographical conditions in Baoji City

Objective To command the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in Baoji City and to explore the disease incidences in different geographical conditions, in order to provide scientific founda-tion for the prevention and control of hand-foot-and-mouth disease. Methods The surveillance data of hand-foot-and-mouth disease is collected from the China information system for diseases control and prevention from 2009 to 2011, with Chi-square test applied to describe the epidemic characteristics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease. Results Hand-foot-and-mouth disease has seasonal clinical characteristics with the morbidity peak from May to July, the pandemic virus strains of EV71 and CoxA16 alternate with each other. When CoxA16 was prevalent, the morbidity peak was earlier and with a higher peak value; the incidence was significantly higher in urban than in rural areas, with the highest incidence in southern Qinling Mountain; the incidence was mainly among children under five and was more frequent in male patients than female, scattered children accounting for 65.73% of the disease incidence; among the severity cases, 84. 31% was caused by EV71, and 70. 59% were children from 1 to 2 years old. Conclusion The epidemic intensity, virus strains and duration of hand-foot-and-mouth disease were different be-tween the south and north of Qinling Mountain, which were mainly caused by the climate differences resulted from the barrier function of Qinling Mountain. The alternating prevalence of EV71 and CoxA16 was one of the factors for the difficulty to decrease the epidemic intensity of hand-foot-and-mouth disease.