突发公共卫生事件流动人口健康教育需求调查

目的了解流动人口在SARS突发事件中对健康教育的需求情况。方法对北京、太原、哈尔滨的流动人口进行个人问卷调查,对相关人员进行访谈。结果流动人口在对健康教育信息的知晓时间、渠道方面可及性差:仅有13.4%在SARS危机初现时知晓,时间段整体晚于城市、农村人群(P<0.01);知晓途径主要依赖于传统的大众媒体电视、报纸,在及时程度、信息量和信任度方面对电视的评价最高,电视宣传是流动人口最乐于接受的教育方式(73.8%)。通过在SARS期间普遍开展的健康教育活动,流动人口对疾病的主要症状和传播途径知晓程度较高,回答正确率分别为89.8%和73.4%,而对SARS病原体等知晓率低。SARS期间90.2%的流动人口采取了防护措施,但SARS后,总的行为改变率降至63.3%。流动人口对SARS期间采取的健康教育措施满意度评价与年龄、对事件的关注程度相关,总体满意率69.2%。结论针对流动人口特点,细化健康教育的策略和手段,依托基层网络,加强常规期健康教育,建立促进流动人口健康行为持续改变的长效机制,是预防突发公共卫生事件重要措施。

Status and requirement of health education among floating population in public health emergencies

Objective To explore the status and requirement of health education during SARS period among floating population,and use for reference to other similar emergencies.Methods Using stratified sampling method,a quantitative survey was conducted on floating population in Beijing,Harbin and Taiyuan with questionnaire.A qualitative survey was carried out among relevant people with in-depth interview.Results Among floating population,the accessibility on time and approach was weak: Only 13.4% realized SARS at the beginning,the whole phase of floating group was later than that in city and country(P<0.01);Traditional mass media such as television and newspaper was still the main approach they relied on.TV gained highest score not only on rapidity and capacity but also on trust degree.Therefore,TV communication turned out to be the most acceptable method(73.8%).Through health education activities that was widely carried out during the period of SARS epidemic,the knowledge of major symptom and transmission channel of disease was high.Correct answer rate reached 89.8% and 73.4% respectively,while compared with lower rate on pathogen of SARS.During SARS epidemic,90.2% adopted preventive measure,but after that,the total behavior-changing rate descended to 63.3%.Satisfaction appraisal on health education measure was related to age and regard to the incidence.The total rate of satisfaction was 69.2%.Conclusion Aiming at the characteristic of floating population,strategies and methods of health education should be specified and based on community to promote long-term behavior changing.