妊娠期高血糖患者产后糖代谢和脂代谢转归及其影响因素

目的 了解妊娠期不同程度高血糖患者产后6～12周糖代谢及脂代谢转归;分析影响妊娠期高血糖患者产后转归的相关因素;初步探讨国际妊娠合并糖尿病研究组近期提出的新的妊娠期糖尿病诊断标准对产后近期随访结果的影响.方法 通过对我院2007年1月1日至2009年12月31日分娩且于产后6～12周进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(oral glucose tolerance test,OGTT)的262例妊娠期高血糖患者的临床资料进行分析,根据产后糖代谢及脂代谢状态进行分组,采用多因素Logistic回归模型对糖代谢及脂代谢影响因素进行分析,了解妊娠期高血糖患者产后6～12周糖代谢及脂代谢转归及相关因素.结果 (1)产后6～12周糖代谢异常检出率为35.1%(92/262),其中空腹血糖受损1例(0.4%),糖耐量受损81例(30.9%),空腹血糖受损+糖耐量受损4例(1.5%),糖尿病6例(2.3%).(2)Logistic回归模型分析显示,妊娠期高血糖诊断孕周,早孕期OGTT 2 h及3 h血糖值高均为产后6～12周发生糖代谢异常的危险因素,产后母乳喂养为保护因素,OR值及95%CI分别为0.824(0.724～0.941)、1.521(1.196～1.934)、1.272(1.047～1.547)、0.408(0.181～0.918).(3)250例妊娠期高血糖患者在产后6～12周进行血脂检测,产后脂代谢异常的发生率为63.2%(158/250),在血脂异常的患者中,最常见的是高胆固醇血症126例(50.4%),其次分别为高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症,共102例(40.8%),高甘油三酯血症60例(24.0%),低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症11例(4.4%).(4)Logistic回归模型分析显示,孕期OGTT 2 h血糖水平高为产后发生脂代谢异常的危险因素,OR=1.364(95%CI:1.063～1.751);孕期高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平高为保护因素,OR=0.379(95%CI:0.169～0.851).结论 妊娠期高血糖患者产后6～12周存在糖、脂代谢异常.妊娠期高血糖发现孕周早以及孕期OGTT 2 h及3 h血糖值高均为产后发生糖代谢异常的危险因素,产后母乳喂养为保护因素.孕期OGTT 2 h血糖值高为产后发生脂代谢异常的危险因素,孕期高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平高为保护因素.

Abstract：

Objective (1) To investigate the glucose and lipid metabolism 6-12 weeks after delivery in women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy. (2) To find out factors associated with the prognosis of women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy. (3) To investigate the feasibility of the diagnostic criteria set by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group according to the follow-up data of women with hyperglycemia in pregnancy. Methods Clinical data of 262 women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy delivered in our hospital from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2009 were collected. All patients underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 6-12weeks after delivery. They were divided into two groups according to the postnatal status of glucose and lipid metabolism. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors affected glucose and lipid metabolism after 6-12 weeks of delivery. Results (1) Among the 262 women, 92(35.1%) were reported with abnormal glucose metabolism at 6-12 weeks of delivery, including one (0. 4 % ) woman with impaired fasting glucose, 81 (30. 9 % ) with impaired glucose tolerance, 4( 1.5 % )with impaired fasting glucose+impaired glucose tolerance and 6 (2. 3%) with diabetes mellitus.glucose levels in OGTT (OGTT 2hPG and the OGTT 3hPG) were risk factors for postpartum 0. 181-0. 918)]. (3) All markers of lipid metabolism were detected in 250 women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy at 6-12 weeks after delivery, the rate of abnormal postnatal lipid metabolism was 63.2%(158/250). In the abnormal group (n= 174), the most common abnormal marker was hypercholesterolemia (n = 126, 50. 4 % ), followed by high levels of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (n = 102, 40. 8 %), hypertriglyceridemia (n= 60, 24. 0 %) and low levels of high-density lipoproteincholesterol (n= 11, 4. 4 %). (4) Logistic regression model showed that elevated OGTT 2hPG was the risk factor for postpartum abnormal glucose metabolism OR= 1. 364 (95%CI: 1. 063-1. 751)], while 0. 169-0. 851)]. Conclusions Women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy are more likely to present with abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism which commonly coexisted with insulin resistance.The risk factors for the postpartum abnormal glucose metabolism in mothers with hyperglycemia during pregnancy include early diagnosis, OGTT 2hPG and OGTT 3hPG, while the protective factor is breastfeeding. The risk factor for the postpartum dyslipidaemia in mothers with hyperglycemia during pregnancy is OGTT 2hPG, while the protective factor is high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level in pregnancy.

Prognosis and related factors of postnatal glucose and lipid metabolism in women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy

Objective (1) To investigate the glucose and lipid metabolism 6-12 weeks after delivery in women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy. (2) To find out factors associated with the prognosis of women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy. (3) To investigate the feasibility of the diagnostic criteria set by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group according to the follow-up data of women with hyperglycemia in pregnancy. Methods Clinical data of 262 women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy delivered in our hospital from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2009 were collected. All patients underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 6-12weeks after delivery. They were divided into two groups according to the postnatal status of glucose and lipid metabolism. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors affected glucose and lipid metabolism after 6-12 weeks of delivery. Results (1) Among the 262 women, 92(35.1%) were reported with abnormal glucose metabolism at 6-12 weeks of delivery, including one (0. 4 % ) woman with impaired fasting glucose, 81 (30. 9 % ) with impaired glucose tolerance, 4( 1.5 % )with impaired fasting glucose+impaired glucose tolerance and 6 (2. 3%) with diabetes mellitus.glucose levels in OGTT (OGTT 2hPG and the OGTT 3hPG) were risk factors for postpartum 0. 181-0. 918)]. (3) All markers of lipid metabolism were detected in 250 women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy at 6-12 weeks after delivery, the rate of abnormal postnatal lipid metabolism was 63.2%(158/250). In the abnormal group (n= 174), the most common abnormal marker was hypercholesterolemia (n = 126, 50. 4 % ), followed by high levels of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (n = 102, 40. 8 %), hypertriglyceridemia (n= 60, 24. 0 %) and low levels of high-density lipoproteincholesterol (n= 11, 4. 4 %). (4) Logistic regression model showed that elevated OGTT 2hPG was the risk factor for postpartum abnormal glucose metabolism OR= 1. 364 (95%CI: 1. 063-1. 751)], while 0. 169-0. 851)]. Conclusions Women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy are more likely to present with abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism which commonly coexisted with insulin resistance.The risk factors for the postpartum abnormal glucose metabolism in mothers with hyperglycemia during pregnancy include early diagnosis, OGTT 2hPG and OGTT 3hPG, while the protective factor is breastfeeding. The risk factor for the postpartum dyslipidaemia in mothers with hyperglycemia during pregnancy is OGTT 2hPG, while the protective factor is high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level in pregnancy.