妊娠早期空腹血浆血糖与妊娠期糖尿病诊断的相关性

目的 探讨妊娠早期空腹血浆血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FPG)水平与妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)诊断之间的相关性.方法 选择2008年1月1日至2009年12月31日在北京大学第一医院完成产前检查并住院分娩且资料完整的单胎孕妇5299例的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 (1)按照妊娠早期FPG的水平将孕妇分为A、B、C 3组.A组:FPG＜5.1 mmol/L,共4565例;B组:FPG≥5.1 mmol/L且＜5.8 mmol/L,共701例;C组:FPG≥5.8 mmol/L且＜7.0 mmol/L,共33例.A、B、C组在妊娠中、晚期被诊断为GDM的比例分别为10.69%(488/4565)、26.11%(183/701)、54.55%(18/33).(2)针对A和B组内不同人群进行母儿预后的比较,包括大于胎龄儿(large for gestational age,LGA)、新生儿高胆红素血症、新生儿低血糖、新生儿红细胞增多症、新生儿感染、早产、子痫前期及子痫、剖宫产等的发生率.2组内非GDM(妊娠中、晚期未被诊断)人群的母儿预后比较,B组除剖宫产与新生儿低血糖的发生率高于A组54.63%(282/518)与49.03%(1999/4077)、1.54%(8/518)与0.61%(25/4077),P＜0.05],其余各项指标差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05);2组内未经孕期血糖管理的GDM人群母儿预后的比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05);2组内经过孕期血糖管理的GDM人群母儿预后的比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05);将A组和B组非GDM人群合并,与2组内未经过孕期管理的GDM患者(分别为A2组和B2组)比较,LGA发生率A2组高于合并组(12.00%与4.94%,x2=21.4159,P＜0.05),B2组高于合并组(18.39%与4.94%,X2=28.7189,P＜0.05);剖宫产率A2组高于合并组(57.78%与49.64%,x2=5.6806,P＜0.05),B2组高于合并组(66.67%与49.64%,x2=9.9003,P＜0.05);其余各指标比较,差异均无统计学意义.结论 将国际妊娠合并糖尿病研究组推荐的妊娠早期FPG≥5.1 mmol/L作为GDM的诊断标准,尚不适合推广,妊娠中、晚期葡萄糖耐量试验仍是最主要的诊断手段.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the relevance between fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level in early pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods Clinical data of 5299 singletonpregnant women accepted antenatal examination and delivered in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Results (1) The pregnant women were divided into 3 groups according to their FPG levels at early stage of gestation: Group A, FPG ＜5. 1 mmol/L (n= 4565); Group B,FPG≥5.1, but ＜5.8 mmol/L (n=701); Group C, FPG≥5.8 mmol/L, but ＜7.0 mmol/L(n=33). The incidence of GDM in Group A, B and C was 10. 69% (488/4565), 26. 11% (183/701)and 54. 55% (18/33). (2) The incidences of large for gestational age (LGA), cesarean section,premature birth, preeclampsia, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal hypoglycemia, neonatal polycythemia, and neonatal infection were compared between Group A and B. The cesarean section rate 54. 63% (282/518)]and neonatal hypoglycemia rate 1.54% (8/518)]of those who were not diagnosed as GDM in middle and late term in Group B were higher than those of Group A 49.03%(1999/4077) and 0. 61% (25/4077)] (P＜0. 05); while there were no differences between the other six index of Group A and Group B (P＞0. 05). The prognosis of the GDM patients who did not accept gestational glucose management in two groups were similar (P＞0. 05), so did the prognosis of the GDM patients who accepted gestational glucose management in two groups. After combining the patients of the two groups who were not diagnosed as GDM as a new group, they were compared with those who did not accept gestational glucose management of the two groups (Group A2 and B2)respectively. The incidence of LGA rate of the new group was lower than that of Group A2 (12. 00%va 4. 94 %, x2=21. 4159, P＜0. 05) and Group B2 (18. 39 % vs 4. 94%, x2 = 28. 7189, P＜0. 05).Cesarean section rate of the new group was lower than that of Group A2 (57. 78% vs 49.64%,x2 =5. 6806,P＜0.05) and Group B2 (66. 67% vs 49.64%, x2 =9. 9003, P＜0. 05). And there were no differences between the other six index between the new group and the other two groups (P＞0. 05). Conclusions The diagnosis criteria of GDM set as FPG≥5.1 mmol/L at early stage of gestation, recommended by International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group, is not applicable in China yet. Oral glucose tolerance test in middle and late term is still the most important diagnostic tool for GDM.

Association between fasting plasma glucose in early pregnancy and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus

Objective To explore the relevance between fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level in early pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods Clinical data of 5299 singletonpregnant women accepted antenatal examination and delivered in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Results (1) The pregnant women were divided into 3 groups according to their FPG levels at early stage of gestation: Group A, FPG ＜5. 1 mmol/L (n= 4565); Group B,FPG≥5.1, but ＜5.8 mmol/L (n=701); Group C, FPG≥5.8 mmol/L, but ＜7.0 mmol/L(n=33). The incidence of GDM in Group A, B and C was 10. 69% (488/4565), 26. 11% (183/701)and 54. 55% (18/33). (2) The incidences of large for gestational age (LGA), cesarean section,premature birth, preeclampsia, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal hypoglycemia, neonatal polycythemia, and neonatal infection were compared between Group A and B. The cesarean section rate 54. 63% (282/518)]and neonatal hypoglycemia rate 1.54% (8/518)]of those who were not diagnosed as GDM in middle and late term in Group B were higher than those of Group A 49.03%(1999/4077) and 0. 61% (25/4077)] (P＜0. 05); while there were no differences between the other six index of Group A and Group B (P＞0. 05). The prognosis of the GDM patients who did not accept gestational glucose management in two groups were similar (P＞0. 05), so did the prognosis of the GDM patients who accepted gestational glucose management in two groups. After combining the patients of the two groups who were not diagnosed as GDM as a new group, they were compared with those who did not accept gestational glucose management of the two groups (Group A2 and B2)respectively. The incidence of LGA rate of the new group was lower than that of Group A2 (12. 00%va 4. 94 %, x2=21. 4159, P＜0. 05) and Group B2 (18. 39 % vs 4. 94%, x2 = 28. 7189, P＜0. 05).Cesarean section rate of the new group was lower than that of Group A2 (57. 78% vs 49.64%,x2 =5. 6806,P＜0.05) and Group B2 (66. 67% vs 49.64%, x2 =9. 9003, P＜0. 05). And there were no differences between the other six index between the new group and the other two groups (P＞0. 05). Conclusions The diagnosis criteria of GDM set as FPG≥5.1 mmol/L at early stage of gestation, recommended by International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group, is not applicable in China yet. Oral glucose tolerance test in middle and late term is still the most important diagnostic tool for GDM.