海训与演习对士兵认知能力影响的研究

目的 :探讨军事训练环境的变化对士兵认知能力的影响。方法 :以参加海训及演习的 12 4名身心健康的士兵为对象 ,采用团体测试法 ,分别在海训前、后和演习各阶段 ,测试其简单计算能力 (两位数 )、信号检测能力和空间图形认知能力等。测试时指导语统一 ,要求被试者根据主试者的口令开始或停止 ,独立完成 ,结束后当场收回。结果 :海训后的简单计算能力减低极其显著 (P <0 .0 1) ,信号检测能力没有变化 ,空间认知能力有明显的提高 (P <0 .0 1)。与平时相比 ,演习前、演习中的简单计算能力、空间认知能力减低极其显著 (P <0 .0 1) ,演习中的信号检测能力下降显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。演习后各项能力得分虽均低于平时 ,但均无显著降低 ;并且演习后各项能力得分均高于演习前和演习中 ,与演习中比较有显著提高 (P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :海训、演习导致的训练环境和心理状态的改变 ,对士兵的行为决策能力产生了负性影响 ,表现为认知能力下降。随着海训、演习这种应激源的消除 ,参训人员的认知能力迅速恢复 ,表明海训和演习是一过性应激源 ,不会造成持续负性影响 ,并可能对参训人员心理适应有一定的促进作用。

Effects of operational trainings and exercises at sea on cognitive performance of the enlisted men

Objective: To investigate the effects of changes in operational training environments on cognitive performance of enlisted men. Methods: 124 healthy enlisted men were chosen for aggregation statistical tests, simple calculation, signal detection and spatial cognition both before and after operational trainings and at various stages of operational exercises at sea. Results: Study shows that simple calculation ability decreased significantly (P<0.01), signal detection ability remained almost unchanged, but spatial cognitive performance increased to a considerable extent (P<0.01), after operational trainings. When compared with the normal, simple calculation ability, spatial cognitive performance and signal detection ability decreased significantly (P<0.01 or P<0.05) both before and during the exercises. Though the scores of various abilities were lower than pre-exercise, their reductions were by no means significant. Moreover, higher scores of various abilities could be observed in the enlisted men after operational exercises, when compared with those of before and during operational exercises (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Conclusion: Changes in the training environment and psychological status induced by operational sea trainings produced some negative effects on the decision-making process and cognitive performance of enlisted men, with the reduction of cognitive performance quite obvious. Nevertheless, following the elimination of environmental stressors, cognitive performance of those involved in operational trainings recovered quickly. This might be an indication that the negative impact is perhaps not only temporary, but may enhance the psychological adaptation of trainees.