PD-L1 immuno-expression assay in thymomas: Study of 84 cases and review of literature |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;2. Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;3. Department of Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;4. Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India;1. National Institute of Pathology, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi-110029, India;2. Faculty of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Symbiosis International University, Lavale, Pune- 412115, India;3. BITS, Pilani, Rajasthan, India;4. Deptt of Urology, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi-110029, India;5. Saket City Hospital, Press Enclave Road, New Delhi -110017;1. Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA;2. Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA;3. Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA;1. Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland;2. Department of Tumor Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, PL-44101 Gliwice, Poland;3. Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, PL-35959 Rzeszow, Poland;4. Faculty of Physical Education, Department of Human Sciences, University of Rzeszow, PL-35959 Rzeszow, Poland;5. Center for Innovation and Transfer of Natural Sciences and Engineering Knowledge, University of Rzeszow, PL-35959 Rzeszow, Poland |
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| Abstract: | Background and aimsProgrammed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), an immune check point inhibitor, is known to be expressed in several malignancies and is being considered as a prognostic factor and a potential immunotherapeutic target. The aim of this study was to characterize PD-L1 expression in thymomas and to determine correlation with clinicopathological features and previously published studies in the literature.MethodsTissue microarrays were prepared from selected blocks of thymomas and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for PD-L1 was performed. Cases were considered as PD-L1 positive or negative depending on whether the percentage of stained thymic epithelial cells were <25 or >25%. Results were compared clinically and with previously published studies using Google and Pubmed search engines.ResultsOf 84 cases of thymoma, 69 (82.1%) revealed PD-L1 positivity in >25% cells. 94.23% of type B thymoma subtypes (B1/B2/B3) were PD-L1 positive (P < 0.001). There was no correlation of PD-L1 with age, gender, myasthenia gravis, the tumor size or stage of disease. Nine studies were available in the literature; most of which showed PD-L1 expression in higher stage and B subtype however percentage positivity varied from 53.7% to over 90%.ConclusionsPD-L1 expression is frequent in type B (B1/B2/B3) thymomas. It can be easily evaluated by IHC even on small biopsies in unresectable cases, thereby enabling improved clinical evaluation as well as prognostic stratification of patients. It will serve as a potential indicator for benefit from anti-PD-L1 antibody immunotherapy in thymomas. |
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