Levels of metals in hair of young children as an indicator of environmental pollution |
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Authors: | A A Wibowo R F Herber H A Das N Roeleveld R L Zielhuis |
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Affiliation: | 1. Instituto de Desarrollo Agropecuario, Ministerio de Agricultura, Agustinas 1465, Santiago de Chile, Chile;2. Research Centre for the Management of Agricultural and Environmental Risks, Department of Agricultural Production, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;3. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Department of Agricultural Economics, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain |
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Abstract: | In 1982 the levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), vanadium (V), copper (Cu), and selenium (Se) were determined in hair of 231 four- to five-year-old children. The objective was to explore the feasibility of using metal-in-hair levels in groups of children as an indicator of environmental pollution. The study was carried out in four areas, which were assumed to differ in ambient pollution by metals. A questionnaire on personal data, socioeconomic status, intake of beverages, and life-style was completed by the parents. The metal-in-hair levels covered a large range. The variables pertaining to location together with sex, presence of a garden, and drinking of coffee and/or tea explained 32% of the variance of Pb, 24% of the variance of Cd, and 21% of the variance of V. The total variance explained by all measured questionnaire items was at best 38%. The location was the most important factor. Cu and Se levels did not differ between the locations. |
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