调控原始卵泡生长发育机制的研究进展

女性卵巢中数目最多的卵泡是原始卵泡。原始卵泡池是生长卵泡的来源，其容量影响着女性的生育能力。绝大部分原始卵泡处于静止状态，仅有极少数原始卵泡启动生长，最终发育成熟并排卵。原始卵泡生长的启动是指原始卵泡向初级卵泡转变，这一过程受多种因素调控。目前对原始卵泡生长启动的机制还不完全清楚，已经发现生长分化因子9（GDF-9）等因子能促进原始卵泡生长的启动，而第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源基因（PTEN）等抑制原始卵泡的生长启动，维持着原始卵泡池的容量。原始卵泡生长失调能引起相应生殖内分泌疾病，影响女性的生殖健康。探索原始卵泡的启动机制不仅有助于对卵巢生理和病理的了解，更能为生育力的保存提供理论基础。

Research Progress on Regulation of the Activation of Primordial Follicles

Primordial follicles are of the most abundant stage in the ovary, which serve as a source of all developing follicles. The pool of primordial follicles is essential for female fertility. Most primordial follicles remain quiescent, while few of them are initiated to grow, mature, and ovulate at last. The activation of primordial follicles is defined as a transition from primordial to primary follicle, which is regulated by multiple factors. The mechanisms underlying this activation are not completely stated. Recent studies showed that the growth differentiation factor 9 （GDF-9） and other factors promoted the activation of primordial follicles, while many factors, such as PTEN, inhibited the growth of primordial follicles to maintain the size of the primordial follicle pool. The regulation disorders may cause reproductive endocrine diseases. It is helpful for us to understand the physiology and pathology of human ovary and to provide theory of the fertility preservation, to explore the mechanisms regulating the activation of primordial follicles.