1000例高血压病患者中医体质类型构成调查分析

目的探讨社区高血压病患者的体质类型及高血压发病的体质因素。方法以社区的《家庭健康档案》及《中医体质分类与判定》为参考设计调查问卷,对1 000例高血压患者进行问卷调查,并按平和质、气虚质、阳虚质、阴虚质、痰湿质、湿热质、血瘀质、气郁质、特禀质等进行中医体质辨析。结果 1 000例高血压患者中,平和质96例(9.6%),偏颇质904例(90.4%);在偏颇质患者中,其体质类型由高到低依次为:痰湿质、阴虚质、血瘀质、气虚质、阳虚质、湿热质、特禀质、气郁质、偏阴虚质、偏气虚质、偏痰湿质。高盐饮食与上述诸多体质类型发病密切相关,其中高脂饮食易患痰湿质、血瘀质,锻炼少易患痰湿质、气虚质,熬夜易患阴虚质、血瘀质。结论痰湿质、阴虚质、血瘀质及气虚质为社区高血压患者的主要体质类型,应从调理气血、劳逸结合、清淡饮食、戒烟限酒、锻炼等诸多方面开展防治,充分发挥中医防治高血压"治未病"的特点,即未病先防、既病防变。

Investigation and analysis on TCM constitutional types of 1 000 hypertension patients

Objective To investigate the constitutional types and factors in community patients with hypertension. Methods We designed the questionnaire according to Family Health File and Classification and Determination of Constitution in TCM, and divided the 1 000 patients into ditferent constitutions. Results Among 1 000 cases, 96 are moderate constitution （9.6%）, 904 are partial constitution （90.4%） ; among the partial constitution, the types of constitutions are phlegm-damp, yin deficiency, blood stasis, qi deficiency, yang deficiency, damp heat, special, qi depression, a little of yin deficiency, a little of qi deficiency, a little of phlegm-damp. High salt diet was association with the most of eolastitutions. Phlegm-damp and blood stasis constitutions were rela~ed to high fat diet; phlegm-damp and qi deficiency constitutions to less exercises; yin deficiency and blood stasis conslitutions to stay up late. Conclusion Four main constitution typs are phlegm-damp, yin deficiency, blood stasis and qi deficiency, which can be treated by regulating qi and blood, intemhanging labor with leisure, light diet, abandoning alcohol and tobacco, doing exercises, and preventing diseases before the treatment.